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Chapter 20: Q20-12TYU. (page 439)

Ethical considerations aside, if DNA-based technologies became widely used, discuss how they might change the way evolution proceeds, as compared with the natural evolutionary mechanisms that have operated for the past 4 billion years.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The way of evolution might be different from natural evolutionary mechanisms occurring for the past 4 billion years if DNA-based technologies became widely used. This is because now, many diseases can be treated by using DNA-based technologies.

The disease in a newborn baby and its inheritance from the parents can be found out. They are easy to handle by avoiding the disease spread in the future. But 4 billion years ago, the knowledge about these diseases was very low, so survival rates were very low.

Step by step solution

01

Evolution

Evolution is the long-term process by which a biological population changes in its structural and functional characteristics that can also be inherited in its successive generation. The genes of the population are responsible for the transmission of these characters through generations.

02

Step 2: DNA based technologies

DNA-based technologies are important in numerous fields like forensics, epidemiology, taxonomy, and ecology. Also, they enable humans to solve several medical problems by using many processes like the diagnosis of diseases, treatment, and control of their spread.

Some examples of these technologies are DNA hybridizations, PCR amplification, DNA sequencing, and restriction enzymes.

03

Step 3: Difference between DNA-based technologies and the evolution

DNA-based technologies are very useful tools to control the infection caused by pathogens and prevent the diseases caused by them. It is so easy to discover the possibility of disease in a newborn baby and their parents through DNA-based technologies.

This knowledge was absent 4 billion years ago, and also, information about the diseases was not known by people, so survival rates were very low. People died at their younger ages and were not able to bear the effects of diseases.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A paleontologist has recovered a bit of tissue from the 400-year old preserved skin of an extinct dodo (a bird). To compare a specific region of the DNA from a sample with DNA from living birds, which of the following would be most helpful in increasing the amount of dodo DNA available for testing?

(A) SNP analysis

(B) polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

(C) electroporation

(D) gel electrophoresis

You hope to study a gene that codes for a neurotransmitter protein produced in human brain cells. You know the amino acid sequence of the protein. Explain how you might (a) identify what genes are expressed in a specific type of brain cell, (b) identify (and isolate) the neurotransmitter gene, (c) produce multiple copies of the gene for study, and(d) produce large quantities of the neurotransmitter for evaluation as a potential medication.

A few companies in China and South Korea provide the service of cloning dogs, using stem cells from their clients鈥� pets to provide nuclei in procedures like that in Figure 20.17. Should their clients expect the clone to look identical to their original pet? Why or why not? What ethical questions does this bring up?

Plants are more readily manipulated by genetic engineering than are animals because

(A) plant genes do not contain introns.

(B) more vectors are available for transferring recombinant

DNA into plant cells.

(C) a somatic plant cell can often give rise to a complete

plant.

(D) plant cells have larger nuclei.

The water in the Yellowstone National Park hot springs shown here is around 160掳F (70掳C). Biologists assumed that no species of organisms couldlive in water above about 130掳F (55掳C), so they were surprised to find several species of bacteria there, now called thermophiles(鈥渉eat-lovers鈥�). You鈥檝e learned in this chapter how an enzyme from one species, Thermus aquaticus, made feasible one of the most important DNA-based techniques used in labs today.Identify the enzyme, and indicate the value of its being isolated from a thermophile. Suggest other reasons why enzymes from this bacterium (or other thermophiles) might also be valuable.
See all solutions

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