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Chapter 11: Q6TYU (page 212)

Which observation suggested to Sutherland the involvement of second messengers in epinephrine鈥檚 effect on liver cells?

  1. Enzymatic activity was proportional to the amount of calcium added to a cell-free extract.
  2. Receptor studies indicated that epinephrine was a ligand.
  3. Glycogen breakdown was observed only when epinephrine was administered to intact cells.
  4. Glycogen breakdown was observed only when epinephrine and glycogen phosphorylase were mixed.

Short Answer

Expert verified
  1. The statement 鈥淓nzymatic activity was proportional to the amount of calcium added to a cell-free extract鈥� is false.
  2. The statement 鈥淩eceptor studies indicated that epinephrine was a ligand鈥� is false.
  3. The statement 鈥淕lycogen breakdown was observed only when epinephrine was administered to intact cells鈥� is true.
  4. The statement 鈥淕lycogen breakdown was observed only when epinephrine and glycogen phosphorylase were mixed鈥� is false.

Step by step solution

01

Epinephrine

Epinephrine is the hormone secreted in the adrenal gland, which is present at the top of the kidneys. It is secreted during emotions such as fear, anger, etc. It, in turn, increases blood pressure and heart rate.

02

Explanation of option (A)

Epinephrine is a hormone, and it is not an enzyme to show an enzymatic activity. The statement provided in the option is unrelated to the epinephrine mechanism.

The adding of calcium does not change the effect of epinephrine.

Therefore, the given statement is false.

03

Explanation of option (B)

Ligand is the molecule that binds to the receptor to show its action. The standard mechanism of receptor-ligand is seen in the enzyme-substrate interaction.

The epinephrine does not show the activity of ligand in the liver cells. Its mechanism of action is different.

Therefore, the given statement is false.

04

Explanation of option (C)

Liver cells are also known as hepatocytes, which tend to store the excess glucose in glycogen. The work of epinephrine is to stimulate the breakdown of glycogen in the liver.

The level of circulating blood glucose increases when epinephrine is added to the intact cells.

Therefore, the given statement is true.

05

Explanation of option (D)

Epinephrine is directly involved in the conversion of glycogen breakdown. There is no requirement for the glycogen phosphorylase to initiate the glycogen breakdown.

The breakdown of glycogen can take place in the presence of epinephrine only.

Therefore, the given statement is false.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Some human diseases are associated with malfunctioning protein phosphatases. How would such proteins affect signaling pathways? (Review the discussion of protein phosphatases in Concept 11.3, and see Figure 11.10.)

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