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Chapter 11: Q5TYU (page 212)

Apoptosis involves all but which of the following?

(A) fragmentation of the DNA

(B) cell-signaling pathways

(C) lysis of the cell

(D) digestion of cellular contents by scavenger cells

Short Answer

Expert verified

(A) The option 鈥渇ragmentation of the DNA鈥� is false.

(B) The option 鈥渃ell-signaling pathways鈥� is false.

(C) The option 鈥渓ysis of the cell鈥� is true.

(D)The option 鈥渄igestion of cellular contents by scavenger cells鈥� is false.

Step by step solution

01

Apoptosis

Apoptosis is the mode by which the programmed death of cells occurs. It involves the elimination of genetically determined cells. Apoptosis is the regular process occurring during development and aging that keeps the cell count in check. It also works as a defensive mechanism in immune reactions.

02

Explanation of option ‘(A)’

During apoptosis, cellular components cut the DNA in fragments because the signal cascade for apoptosis activates the nuclease components of the cell.

Thus, fragmentation of DNA is an event occurring during apoptosis.

Therefore, the given option is false.

03

Explanation of option ‘(B)’

Signal molecules released from other cells can initiate the cell signaling pathway to trigger the apoptosis-causing proteins and genes in the cells.

Thus, apoptosis involves the signal transduction pathway.

Therefore, the given option is false.

04

Explanation of option ‘(C)’

In apoptosis, cells shrink, and their parts are packaged in vesicles. These vesicles are engulfed by some scavenger cells that leave no trace.

Thus, no cell lysis occurs during apoptosis.

Therefore, the given option is true.

05

Explanation of option ‘(D)’

Engulfed cell material in apoptosis is digested by scavenger cells so that no trace remains. It protects the neighboring cells from the damaging effects of the dying cells鈥� content.

Thus, digestion of the cellular content of dying cells occurs during apoptosis.

Therefore, the given option is false.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

What is the actual 鈥渟ignal鈥� that is being transduced in any signal transduction pathway, such as those shown in Figures 11.6 and 11.10? In what way is this information being passed from the exterior to the interior of the cell?

There are five basic tastes- sour, salty, sweet, bitter and "umami". Salt is detected when the concentration of salt out-side of a taste bud cell is higher than that inside of it, and ion channels allow the passive leakage of Na+ into the cell. The resulting change in membrane potential (see Concept 7.4) sends the "salty" signal to the brain. Umami is a savory taste generated by glutamate (glutamic acid, found in monosodium glutamate or MSG), which is used as a flavor enhancer in foods such as taco-flavored tortilla chips. The glutamate receptors is a GPCR, which, when bound, initiates a signaling pathway that ends with a cellular response, perceived by you as "taste." If you eat a regular potato chip and then rinse your mouth, you will no longer taste salt. But if you eat a flavoured tortilla chip and then rinse, the taste persist. (try it!) Propose a possible explanation.

If two cells have different scaffolding proteins, explain how they might behave differently in response to the same signaling molecule.

Give an example of apoptosis during embryonic development, and explain its function in the developing embryo.

Draw the following apoptotic pathway, which operates in human immune cells. A death signal is received when a molecule called Fas binds its cell surface receptor. The binding of many Fas molecules to receptors causes receptor clustering. The intracellular regions of the receptors, when together, bind proteins called adaptor proteins. These, in turn, bind to inactive molecules of caspase-8, which become activated and activate caspase-3. Once activates, caspase-3 initiates apoptosis.
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