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Chapter 7: Problem 25

Why is it beneficial for cells to use ATP rather than directly using the energy stored in the bonds of carbohydrates to power cellular reactions? What are the greatest drawbacks to harnessing energy from the bonds of several different compounds? a. ATP is readily available in the form of a single unit that provides a consistent, appropriate amount of energy. The cell would need to tailor each reaction to each energy source if it harvested energy from different compounds. b. ATP energy cannot activate the ROS dependent stress response whereas food molecules are responsible for activating ROS. c. ATP is low in energy, but food molecules possess higher levels of energy that cells can use. d. ATP is readily available to cells, unlike compunds that have to first be phopphorylated \(\quad\) in order to release their energy.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Option (a) is correct because ATP provides a consistent, manageable energy source for cellular reactions, unlike different compounds that would require customized processes.

Step by step solution

01

- Understanding ATP's Role

Cells use ATP (adenosine triphosphate) as a universal energy currency. When the cell uses ATP, it can control energy release efficiently and direct it to where it is needed.
02

- Energy Consistency of ATP

ATP provides a consistent amount of energy through its high-energy phosphate bonds. This specificity allows cellular reactions to proceed with a predictable energy supply.
03

- Complexity of Using Different Energy Sources

If cells were to harness energy directly from various compounds, each reaction would need to be customized to handle different energy yields from each compound. This would complicate cellular processes.
04

- Drawbacks of Using Multiple Energy Sources

Using various compounds for energy would mean the cell must have different mechanisms to extract energy, increasing the complexity and inefficiency. ATP simplifies this by being a single, centralized energy currency.
05

- Final Analysis and Answer Choice

Considering the above points, the best explanation aligns with option (a). It highlights ATP's consistent and appropriate energy release and mentions the complications of using various energy sources.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

energy currency of the cell
In the world of cellular biology, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is often referred to as the 'energy currency of the cell'. This term highlights ATP's central role in storing and providing energy for various cellular activities. Just as currency is essential for economic transactions, ATP is crucial for the energetic needs of the cell.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

How many ATP molecules are used and produced per molecule of glucose during glycolysis? a. The first half of glycolysis uses 2 ATPs, and the second half of glycolysis produces 4 ATPs. b. The first half of glycolysis produces 2 ATPs, and the second half of glycolysis uses 4 ATPs. c. The first half of glycolysis uses 4 ATPs, and the second half of glycolysis produces 2 ATPs. d. The first half of glycolysis produces 4 ATPS, and the second half of glycolysis uses 2 ATPs.

Cellular respiration breaks down glucose and releases carbon dioxide and water. Which steps in the oxidation of pyruvate produces carbon dioxide? a. Removal of a carboxyl group from pyruvate releases carbon dioxide. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex comes into play. b. Removal of an acetyl group from pyruvate releases carbon dioxide. The pyruvate decarboxylase complex comes into play. c. Removal of a carbonyl group from pyruvate releases carbon dioxide. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex comes into play. d. Removal of an acetyl group from pyruvate releases carbon dioxide. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex comes into play

Chemiosmosis involves the movement of what? Where does it occur? a. electrons across the cell membrane b. hydrogen atoms across a mitochondrial membrane c. hydrogen ions across a mitochondrial membrane d. glucose through the cell membrane

Which of the following best describes complex IV in the electron transport chain? a. Complex IV consists of an oxygen molecule held between the cytochrome and copper ions. The electrons flowing finally reach the oxygen, producing water. b. Complex IV contains a molecule of flavin mononucleotide and iron-sulfur clusters. The electrons from NADH are transported here to coenzyme Q. c. Complex IV contains cytochrome b, c, and Fe-S. Here, the proton motive Q cycle takes place. d. Complex IV contains a membrane-bound enzyme that accepts electrons from FADH2 to make FAD. This electron is then transferred to ubiquinone.

Dinitrophenol (DNP) was used in the manufacture of munitions in World War I. In the 1930s, it was used as a weight loss drug. Use in the U.S. cannot be regulated by the FDA because DNP is considered a dietary supplement. Attempts to ban the drug in the U.K. following the death of four users in 2015 failed in Parliament. DNP is a small molecule that is soluble in the mitochondrial inner membrane. The hydroxyl group reversibly dissociates a proton. A. Predict the effect of DNP on the electrochemical gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. B. Explain how DNP can be used to reduce weight. C. The effects of DNP can be reversed by administering glucose. However, treatment with a combination of glucose and 2-deoxyglucose, which is an inhibitor of glycolysis, does not reverse the effects of DNP. Explain, in terms of the products of glycolysis, why this reversal of the effects of DNP was unexpected. (Hint: It might be useful to review the reactants and products of glycolysis.) D. Obesity correlates with an epidemic of other health issues, such as elevated blood pressure, heart disease, and diabetes II. A slow-release form of DNP (CRMP) is patented. With slow-release technology, a drug can be delivered in small doses over time from a pill whose matrix limits solubility. A simple but nonscientific question that can be raised is: Will a slow-release drug retard progress toward behavioral changes that can reduce the magnitude of this epidemic? Scientific questions can be pursued by testing the outcomes predicted by possible answers. Refine this question for discussion in small groups. Be prepared to justify the merits of your question.
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