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Chapter 7: Problem 26

What role does \(\mathrm{NAD}^{+}\) play in redox reactions? a. \(\mathrm{NAD}^{+}\) , an oxidizing agent, can accept electrons and protons from organic molecules and get reduced to NADH. b. \(\mathrm{NAD}^{+}\) , a reducing agent, can donate its electrons and protons to organic molecules. c. \(\mathrm{NAD}^{+}\) , an oxidizing agent, can accept electrons from organic molecules and get reduced to NADH. d. \(\mathrm{NAD}^{+}\) , a reducing agent, can donate its electrons and protons to inorganic molecules.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Option c: \(\text{NAD}^{+}\), an oxidizing agent, can accept electrons from organic molecules and get reduced to NADH.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the Role of \(\text{NAD}^{+}\)

\(\text{NAD}^{+}\) (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a coenzyme that plays a critical role in redox reactions. Its primary function is to work as an electron carrier.
02

Define Oxidizing Agent

An oxidizing agent is a substance that accepts electrons from another substance in a redox reaction. This means it gets reduced (gains electrons) during the process.
03

\(\text{NAD}^{+}\) as an Oxidizing Agent

\(\text{NAD}^{+}\) can accept electrons (and usually a proton) from organic molecules during cellular respiration, becoming reduced to NADH. This fits the definition of an oxidizing agent.
04

Evaluate Given Options

Review the provided options to determine which one correctly describes \(\text{NAD}^{+}\)'s role: a. \(\text{NAD}^{+}\), an oxidizing agent, accepts electrons and protons from organic molecules and gets reduced to NADH. b. \(\text{NAD}^{+}\), a reducing agent, donates its electrons and protons to organic molecules. c. \(\text{NAD}^{+}\), an oxidizing agent, accepts electrons from organic molecules and gets reduced to NADH. d. \(\text{NAD}^{+}\), a reducing agent, donates its electrons and protons to inorganic molecules.
05

Determine the Correct Answer

Since \(\text{NAD}^{+}\) functions as an oxidizing agent and accepts electrons (becoming NADH), both options a and c indicate it gets reduced to NADH. The correct option, specifying it accepts electrons (without explicitly requiring protons), is c.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

oxidizing agent
Understanding the role of an oxidizing agent is crucial in grasping redox reactions. An oxidizing agent is a substance that accepts electrons from another substance. During this process, the oxidizing agent gets reduced, meaning it gains electrons. This is a vital part of cellular metabolism.
An everyday example of an oxidizing agent is oxygen, which accepts electrons during respiration. In biological systems, many molecules can act as oxidizing agents, some specially designed to carry out specific electron transfer tasks.
electron carrier
In cellular respiration, electron carriers are essential. They transport electrons between molecules, facilitating energy production. NAD+ (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a key electron carrier in these processes.
NAD+ works by accepting electrons (and usually a proton) from organic molecules, transforming into its reduced form, NADH. This acceptance of electrons is a redox reaction where NAD+ serves as an oxidizing agent.
  • Organic molecules donate electrons to NAD+.
  • NAD+ becomes NADH after gaining electrons.
  • NADH then carries these electrons to the next part of the respiration cycle, typically the electron transport chain.

This role of NAD+ is critical for the proper function of cellular respiration and energy production.
NADH reduction
Reduction of NAD+, forming NADH, is a central reaction in cellular metabolism. When NAD+ acts as an oxidizing agent, it accepts electrons (and protons) from an organic molecule, becoming reduced in the process, forming NADH.
  • During glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, NAD+ accepts electrons and becomes NADH.
  • NADH then enters the electron transport chain where it donates electrons, becoming oxidized back to NAD+.
  • This cycle of reduction and oxidation is fundamental in harvesting energy from nutrients.

Understanding this process is key to appreciating how cells generate ATP, the primary energy currency. By accepting electrons, NAD+ allows cells to efficiently manage and utilize energy derived from food.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

What three steps are included in the breakdown of pyruvate? a. Pyruvate dehydrogenase removes a carboxyl group from pyruvate producing carbon dioxide. Dihydrolipoyl transacetylase oxidizes a hydroxyethyl group to an acetyl group, producing NADH. Lastly, an enzyme-bound acetyl group is transferred to CoA, producing a molecule of acetyl-CoA. b. Pyruvate dehydrogenase oxidizes hydroxyethyl group to an acetyl group, producing NADH. It further removes a carboxyl group from pyruvate producing carbon dioxide. Lastly, dihydrolipoyl transacetylase transfers enzyme-bound acetyl group to CoA forming an acetyl-CoA molecule. c. Pyruvate dehydrogenase transfers enzymebound acetyl group to CoA forming an acetyl CoA molecule. It then oxidizes a hydroxyethyl group to an acetyl group, producing NADH. Dihydrolipoyl transacetylase removes a carboxyl group from pyruvate producing carbon dioxide. d. Pyruvate dehydrogenase removes carboxyl group from pyruvate producing carbon dioxide. Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase transfers enzymebound acetyl groups to CoA forming an acetylCoA molecule. Lastly, a hydroxyethyl group is oxidized to an acetyl group, producing NADH.

A new species of obligate anaerobe, a bacterium, has been found that lives in hot, acidic conditions. While other pathways may also be present, which metabolic pathway is the most likely to be present in this species? a. aerobic respiration b. the citric acid cycle c. oxidative phosphorylation d. glycolysis

Which of the following molecules are oxidizing agents? a. \(\mathrm{FAD}^{+}\) and \(\mathrm{NAD}^{+}\) b. \(\mathrm{FADH}_{2}\) and \(\mathrm{NADH}\) c. FAD and \(\mathrm{FADH}_{2}\) d. \(\mathrm{NAD}^{+}\) and \(\mathrm{NADH}\)

How do the roles of ubiquinone and cytochrome c differ from the other components of the electron transport chain? a. CoQ and cytochrome c are mobile electron carriers while NADH dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase are bound to the inner mitochondrial membrane. b. CoQ and cytochrome covalently bind electrons while NADH dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase are bound to the inner mitochondrial membrane. c. CoQ and cytochrome c are bound to the inner mitochondrial membrane while NADH dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase are mobile electron carriers. d. CoQ and cytochrome c covalently bind electrons while NADH dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase are mobile electron carriers.

Glucose catabolism pathways are sequential and lead to the production of ATP. What is the correct order of the pathways for the breakdown of a molecule of glucose as shown in the formula? \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}_{6}+\mathrm{O}_{2} \rightarrow \mathrm{CO}_{2}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}+\) energy \(\begin{aligned} \text { a. } & \text { oxidative phosphorylation } \rightarrow \text { citric acid cycle } \\ & \rightarrow \text { oxidation of pyruvate } \rightarrow \text { glycolysis } \end{aligned}\) \(\begin{aligned} \text { b. the oxidation of pyruvate } & \rightarrow \text { citric acid cycle } \\ & \rightarrow \text { glycolysis } \rightarrow \text { oxidative phosphorylation } \end{aligned}\) c. glycolysis \(\rightarrow\) oxidation of pyruvate \(\rightarrow\) citric acid cycle \(\rightarrow\) oxidative phosphorylation d. citric acid cycle \(\rightarrow\) glycolysis \(\rightarrow\) oxidative phosphorylation \(\rightarrow\) oxidation of pyruvate
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