/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Problem 7 How many ATP molecules are used ... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91影视

91影视

Log out

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 7: Problem 7

How many ATP molecules are used and produced per molecule of glucose during glycolysis? a. The first half of glycolysis uses 2 ATPs, and the second half of glycolysis produces 4 ATPs. b. The first half of glycolysis produces 2 ATPs, and the second half of glycolysis uses 4 ATPs. c. The first half of glycolysis uses 4 ATPs, and the second half of glycolysis produces 2 ATPs. d. The first half of glycolysis produces 4 ATPS, and the second half of glycolysis uses 2 ATPs.

Short Answer

Expert verified
a. The first half of glycolysis uses 2 ATPs, and the second half of glycolysis produces 4 ATPs.

Step by step solution

01

Title - Understand Glycolysis Phases

Glycolysis is divided into two phases: the energy investment phase and the energy payoff phase.
02

Title - Energy Investment Phase

In the first half of glycolysis (energy investment phase), 2 ATP molecules are used to phosphorylate glucose and convert it into intermediate molecules.
03

Title - Energy Payoff Phase

In the second half of glycolysis (energy payoff phase), 4 ATP molecules are produced through substrate-level phosphorylation.
04

Title - Calculate Net ATP Production

Calculate the net ATP production by subtracting the ATP used from the ATP produced. Net ATP = 4 ATP produced - 2 ATP used = 2 ATP.
05

Title - Identify Correct Answer

Based on the information given, the correct answer is: a. The first half of glycolysis uses 2 ATPs, and the second half of glycolysis produces 4 ATPs.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with 91影视!

Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Energy Investment Phase
The energy investment phase is the first part of the glycolysis process. During this phase, a molecule of glucose is prepared for breakdown. This preparation requires energy. Specifically, 2 ATP molecules are used to add phosphate groups to the glucose. These ATP molecules provide the energy needed to convert glucose into fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, making the glucose more reactive. This process is crucial because it primes the glucose for those steps in glycolysis that release energy.
Energy Payoff Phase
The energy payoff phase is the second part of glycolysis. This phase generates energy in the form of ATP molecules. Here, the intermediates from the investment phase are further broken down, leading to the formation of pyruvate. In the process, 4 ATP molecules are produced by substrate-level phosphorylation. This phase not only recoups the 2 ATP molecules used in the investment phase but also generates an additional 2 ATP molecules. Additionally, this phase produces 2 NADH molecules, which can be used in other cellular processes to generate more ATP.
Net ATP Production
Net ATP production refers to the total number of ATP molecules gained from glycolysis after accounting for the ATP molecules used. Here's the breakdown:
  • 2 ATP molecules are used during the energy investment phase.
  • 4 ATP molecules are produced during the energy payoff phase.
To calculate the net ATP, subtract the ATP used from the ATP produced: \[ \text{Net ATP} = 4 \ \text{ATP produced} - 2 \ \text{ATP used} = 2 \ \text{ATP} \] Therefore, the net ATP gain from glycolysis is 2 ATP molecules per glucose molecule.
Glycolysis Process
Glycolysis is a vital metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate. This process occurs in the cytoplasm of cells. The entire pathway consists of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Glycolysis can be divided into two main phases: the energy investment phase and the energy payoff phase.
In the energy investment phase, ATP molecules are used to activate glucose and prepare it for breakdown. In the energy payoff phase, energy is harvested, resulting in the production of ATP and NADH. The end product of glycolysis, pyruvate, can then enter other metabolic pathways such as the citric acid cycle or fermentation, depending on the availability of oxygen.

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

Glucose catabolism pathways are sequential and lead to the production of ATP. What is the correct order of the pathways for the breakdown of a molecule of glucose as shown in the formula? \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}_{6}+\mathrm{O}_{2} \rightarrow \mathrm{CO}_{2}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}+\) energy \(\begin{aligned} \text { a. } & \text { oxidative phosphorylation } \rightarrow \text { citric acid cycle } \\ & \rightarrow \text { oxidation of pyruvate } \rightarrow \text { glycolysis } \end{aligned}\) \(\begin{aligned} \text { b. the oxidation of pyruvate } & \rightarrow \text { citric acid cycle } \\ & \rightarrow \text { glycolysis } \rightarrow \text { oxidative phosphorylation } \end{aligned}\) c. glycolysis \(\rightarrow\) oxidation of pyruvate \(\rightarrow\) citric acid cycle \(\rightarrow\) oxidative phosphorylation d. citric acid cycle \(\rightarrow\) glycolysis \(\rightarrow\) oxidative phosphorylation \(\rightarrow\) oxidation of pyruvate

What are the products of alcohol fermentation? a. methane and NADH b. lactic acid and FAD \(^{+}\) c. ethanol and \(\mathrm{NAD}^{+}\) d. pyruvic acid and NADH

Which of the following best describes complex IV in the electron transport chain? a. Complex IV consists of an oxygen molecule held between the cytochrome and copper ions. The electrons flowing finally reach the oxygen, producing water. b. Complex IV contains a molecule of flavin mononucleotide and iron-sulfur clusters. The electrons from NADH are transported here to coenzyme Q. c. Complex IV contains cytochrome b, c, and Fe-S. Here, the proton motive Q cycle takes place. d. Complex IV contains a membrane-bound enzyme that accepts electrons from FADH2 to make FAD. This electron is then transferred to ubiquinone.

How does citrate from the citric acid cycle affect glycolysis? a. Citrate and ATP are negative regulators of phosphofructokinase-1. b. Citrate and ATP are negative regulators of hexokinase. c. Citrate and ATP are positive regulators of phosphofructokinase-1. d. Citrate and ATP are positive regulators of hexokinase.

What role does \(\mathrm{NAD}^{+}\) play in redox reactions? a. \(\mathrm{NAD}^{+}\) , an oxidizing agent, can accept electrons and protons from organic molecules and get reduced to NADH. b. \(\mathrm{NAD}^{+}\) , a reducing agent, can donate its electrons and protons to organic molecules. c. \(\mathrm{NAD}^{+}\) , an oxidizing agent, can accept electrons from organic molecules and get reduced to NADH. d. \(\mathrm{NAD}^{+}\) , a reducing agent, can donate its electrons and protons to inorganic molecules.
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Biology Textbooks

Bioenergetics

Read Explanation

Communicable Diseases

Read Explanation

Heredity

Read Explanation

Biological Molecules

Read Explanation

Cellular Energetics

Read Explanation

Ecology

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.