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Chapter 36: Problem 14

Give an example of exponential population growth. a. salamanders adapting to fungal infections b. polar bears living in a warming habitat c. bacteria growing in enriched medium in a lab d. feral cats being trapped and neutered in a suburb

Short Answer

Expert verified
(c) Bacteria growing in enriched medium in a lab

Step by step solution

01

Understand Exponential Population Growth

Exponential population growth refers to a situation where the growth rate of a population is proportional to the size of the population. This means that the population grows faster as it becomes larger.
02

Analyze the Provided Options

Evaluate each option to identify which scenario involves exponential population growth:(a) Salamanders adapting to fungal infections: This is more about adaptation than population growth.(b) Polar bears living in a warming habitat: This likely involves population decline due to habitat loss.(c) Bacteria growing in enriched medium in a lab: Bacteria can rapidly multiply in an optimal environment, suggesting exponential growth.(d) Feral cats being trapped and neutered in a suburb: This implies population control rather than growth.
03

Identify the Correct Answer

Among the given options, bacteria growing in an enriched medium in a lab (option c) best fits the criteria for exponential population growth.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Population Growth Models
Population growth models help us understand how populations change over time. There are a few different types, but they all aim to predict the future size of a population based on certain assumptions. Two common models are:

  • Exponential Growth Model: This model assumes that resources are unlimited and the population grows at a constant rate. The growth accelerates as the population size increases.
  • Logistic Growth Model: This assumes that resources become limited as the population grows, leading to a slowdown in growth. It shows a more S-shaped curve where the population eventually stabilizes.
Understanding these models helps researchers and policymakers make decisions on wildlife conservation, urban planning, and even understanding human impacts on the environment.
Exponential Growth
Exponential growth happens when the growth rate of a population is directly proportional to its current size. This means that as the population gets larger, it grows faster.
If you plot exponential growth on a graph, it creates a steep upward curve. Here's the mathematical representation:

\( N(t) = N_0 \times e^{rt} \)

Where:
  • \( N(t) \) is the population size at time \( t \)
  • \( N_0 \) is the initial population size
  • \( r \) is the growth rate
  • \( e \) is the base of the natural logarithm (approximately 2.71828)

A real-world example of exponential growth is bacteria in a lab setting. When bacteria are placed in a nutrient-rich environment, they can multiply rapidly. This rapid multiplication continues as long as there are plenty of resources. However, once resources become scarce, the growth slows down.
Biological Examples of Growth
To better understand exponential growth, let's look at some biological examples:

  • **Bacteria in a Lab**: As mentioned in the exercise solution, bacteria in an enriched medium can show exponential growth. Starting from a small number, they can double rapidly, leading to a large population in a short time.
  • **Human Population**: Historically, the human population has shown periods of exponential growth, especially after the Industrial Revolution. Improved healthcare and food supply contributed to this rapid increase.

Exponential growth is not just limited to bacteria or humans. Other examples include certain invasive species that enter a new environment with abundant resources or ideal conditions. Understanding these examples helps in predicting and managing population growth in real-world scenarios.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Describe phototaxis. a. Phototaxis is the directed movement of an organism in response to gravity. b. Phototaxis is the long-range movement of an organism in response to a change in season. c. Phototaxis is the movement of an organism in search of food. d. Phototaxis is the directed movement of an organism in response to light

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A flask of nutrient broth, buffered to maintain pH, is inoculated with a strain of E. coli. The flask is placed in a constant temperature environment where it is aerated by shaking. A. Predict the effect of a change in energy availability over time. B. Represent the change graphically in terms of the number of cells as a function of time. C. In your graph as time progresses there is a change in the growth rate of the population. Add annotation to your graph to describe the time interval during which the growth rate is increasing linearly in proportion to the number of cells. Add annotation to your graph to describe another time interval during which the growth rate is decreasing in proportion to the square of the number of cells. Add a third annotation to describe an interval of time where the rate of growth is zero. D. Select and justify two measurements of the E. coli population that could be made at two different points in time during growth that would be sufficient to answer questions about the population size at any time. E. Describe the population of E. coli if the environment was continuously supplement by additional nutrient broth.

The term polyandry comes from the Greek words for 鈥榤any鈥� and 鈥榤an.鈥� Based on these word origins, describe a polyandrous mating system. a. One male mates with many females. b. One female mates with one male. c. One female mates with many males. d. Many females mate with one male.
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