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Chapter 36: Problem 49

The term polyandry comes from the Greek words for 鈥榤any鈥� and 鈥榤an.鈥� Based on these word origins, describe a polyandrous mating system. a. One male mates with many females. b. One female mates with one male. c. One female mates with many males. d. Many females mate with one male.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Option c: One female mates with many males.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the Word Origins

The term 'polyandry' is derived from Greek words 'poly' meaning 'many' and 'andros' meaning 'man'.
02

Analyze the Choices

Review each of the given choices to understand which one aligns with the meaning of 'many men'.
03

Match the Definition

Match the definition 'many men' to the given descriptions: a. One male mates with many females, b. One female mates with one male, c. One female mates with many males, d. Many females mate with one male.
04

Identify the Correct Answer

The correct description of a polyandrous system is when one female mates with many males, which corresponds to option c.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Polyandry
Polyandry is a fascinating mating system where one female mates with multiple males. This term comes from the Greek words 'poly,' meaning 'many,' and 'andros,' meaning 'man.' Unlike polygyny, where one male mates with many females, polyandry is less common but still present in some animal species. It serves unique evolutionary purposes and can impact the social structure of a species. For instance, in the animal kingdom, some bird species and insects like bees and ants exhibit polyandrous behavior.
Mating Systems
Mating systems describe how animals pair and reproduce in their natural habitats. There are various types:
  • Monogamy: One male pairs with one female.
  • Polygyny: One male mates with multiple females.
  • Polyandry: One female mates with multiple males.
  • Promiscuity: Both males and females have multiple mates.
Each system has evolved based on environmental factors and reproductive strategies that maximize the survival of the offspring. For instance, monogamous systems are often seen in species where both parents are needed to care for the young, while polyandrous systems can increase genetic diversity and resource acquisition.
Animal Behavior
Animal behavior encompasses all the ways animals interact with each other and their environments. Mating behavior is a critical aspect. It includes courtship displays, territorial fights, and nest building. Polyandrous behaviors may involve males competing to mate with a single female or cooperating to assist in raising her offspring. Such behavior can reduce the risk of inbreeding and spread the genetic investment across multiple males, increasing the likelihood of successful reproduction. Different species exhibit varied mating rituals, influenced by their ecosystems and survival strategies.
Reproductive Strategies
Reproductive strategies are the methods that species use to reproduce and ensure the successful survival of their offspring. These strategies can vary widely:
  • K-strategists: Produce fewer offspring but invest more time and resources in each one.
  • R-strategists: Produce many offspring but invest little in each, relying on quantity for survival.
Polyandry can be a part of a reproductive strategy where genetic diversity and offspring survival is boosted by females mating with multiple males. It helps ensure that at least some offspring have favorable genetic traits or better parental care. In contrast, polygyny may concentrate resources and protection around a single male's offspring, impacting the social dynamics and evolution of the species.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Predict and explain the effects of human population on biodiversity many years in the future. a. Biodiversity will decline as human population increases because of habitat loss, increased pollution, and climate change. b. Biodiversity will decline as human population increases because of enhanced food supplies, medical advances, and development of renewable energy sources. c. Biodiversity will increase as human population increases because of habitat loss, increased pollution, and climate change. d. Biodiversity will increase as human population increases because of enhanced food supplies, medical advances, and development of renewable energy sources.

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A researcher has been tracking a population of turtles. The researcher marked 200 young turtles just after hatching. A year later, collection data reveal that about 80% survived. A year after that, collection data revealed that about 60% of the original group was still living. After a third year, about 40% could be found alive. What do these data say about the survivorship curve that would best describe this population? Explain your reasoning. a. Type II survivorship curve because the number of survivors decreases by the same value (20%) every year. b. Type I survivorship curve because the number of survivors decreases by the same value (20%) every year. c. Type II survivorship curve because the number of survivors increases by the same value (20%) every year. d. Type IV survivorship curve because the number of survivors decreases by the same value (20%) every year.

An organism, such as an elephant, that invests in longterm care of its offspring faces risks to its survival as a result of this investment. Explain those risks. a. Organisms that invest in long-term parental care have many offspring. Having many offspring means there is greater risk of rapid increase in population. b. Organisms that invest in long-term parental care have few offspring. Having a limited number of offspring means there is greater risk to the survival of the species when a single offspring dies. c. Organisms that invest in long-term parental care have many offspring. Having many offspring means there is greater risk to the survival of the species when a single offspring dies. d. Organisms that invest in long-term parental care have few offspring. Having a limited number of offspring means there is greater risk of rapid increase in population.
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