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Chapter 36: Problem 43

Describe phototaxis. a. Phototaxis is the directed movement of an organism in response to gravity. b. Phototaxis is the long-range movement of an organism in response to a change in season. c. Phototaxis is the movement of an organism in search of food. d. Phototaxis is the directed movement of an organism in response to light

Short Answer

Expert verified
Option d is correct. Phototaxis is the directed movement in response to light.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding the Term

Phototaxis refers to the movement of an organism. The term breaks down into 'photo-' meaning light and '-taxis' meaning movement toward or away from a stimulus.
02

Evaluating Option a

Option a states that phototaxis is the movement in response to gravity. The term for movement in response to gravity is actually 'geotaxis,' not phototaxis.
03

Evaluating Option b

Option b describes phototaxis as long-range movement because of a change in seasons. This behavior relates to migration, not phototaxis.
04

Evaluating Option c

Option c suggests that phototaxis is movement in search of food, but this is incorrect. Movement in search of food is typically referred to as foraging or chemotaxis if it's specifically in response to chemical stimuli.
05

Evaluating Option d

Option d correctly defines phototaxis as the directed movement of an organism in response to light. This matches the breakdown of the term into 'photo-' (light) and '-taxis' (movement).

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Organism Movement
Organisms, from tiny bacteria to large animals, often need to move to survive. Movement helps them find food, escape predators, and seek optimal living conditions.
Phototaxis is one type of movement. It specifically involves an organism's movement in response to light. There are different forms of movement, such as:
  • Chemotaxis: Movement toward or away from chemical stimuli, like bacteria moving toward nutrients
  • Geotaxis: Movement in response to gravity, for example, roots growing downward and stems growing upward
  • Thigmotaxis: Movement in response to touch, like vines wrapping around a support
Understanding these types of movements helps scientists predict how organisms will behave in different environments.
Response to Light
Light is a critical factor in the environment of many organisms. Phototaxis describes how they respond to it.
For example, certain single-celled organisms like algae will move toward light to maximize photosynthesis. This is positive phototaxis. Conversely, some organisms move away from light to avoid harmful UV rays. This is negative phototaxis.
  • Positive Phototaxis: Movement towards light
  • Negative Phototaxis: Movement away from light
These responses help organisms either benefit from or protect themselves against different light sources.
Biological Behavior
Phototaxis is just one example of the fascinating behaviors seen in the biological world. These behaviors are responses to their environment and serve important survival functions.
Behavioral responses like phototaxis can be innate (instinctive) or learned over time. In the case of phototaxis, many responses are typically innate, meaning organisms are born with the ability to move toward or away from light.
Scientists study these behaviors to understand basic survival mechanisms and how organisms interact with their environments. This knowledge helps in fields such as ecology, conservation, and even robotics, where bio-inspired designs mimic these natural movements.

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