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In many animals, including humans and most mammals, sex determination depends largely on sex chromosomes.
Sex chromosomes are specific to each sex: females typically have two X chromosomes (XX), while males usually have one X and one Y chromosome (XY).
The Y chromosome carries the SRY gene, crucial for developing male characteristics.
Without the SRY gene, the embryo develops into a female.
Bird sex chromosomes work differently: males are ZZ and females are ZW.
This genetic mechanism is very reliable.
But, it's important to note that not all animals rely on sex chromosomes for sex determination.

Some reptiles, such as certain species of turtles, crocodiles, and lizards, have a unique way of determining sex using environmental factors.
This process is called temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD).
The temperature at which the eggs are incubated can influence whether the offspring will be male or female.
For example, for many turtle species, cooler nest temperatures produce males, and warmer temperatures result in females.
Meanwhile, for some crocodiles, intermediate temperatures lead to males, with extremes at both low and high ends producing females.
This phenomenon highlights how different species have evolved diverse strategies to ensure balance in male and female populations.

Reptiles are an animal group that includes turtles, snakes, lizards, and crocodiles.
They are known for their scaly skin and ability to live in various environments, from deserts to rainforests.
Many reptiles lay eggs, and some, such as those with temperature-dependent sex determination, require specific environmental conditions for their eggs.
Unlike mammals, many reptiles do not have sex chromosomes that dictate their offspring's sex.
Instead, some rely on environmental factors like temperature.
This not only ensures a balanced sex ratio but also reflects how adaptable and varied reproductive strategies can be in the animal kingdom.