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Chapter 34: Problem 49

Explain the fate of the newly released secondary oocyte after ovulation. a. If it fuses with a sperm, the resulting zygote enters the cervix for implantation. If it is not fertilized, it will return to the oviduct. b. If it fuses with a sperm, the resulting zygote enters the uterus for implantation. If it is not fertilized, it will return to oviduct. c. If it fuses with a sperm, the resulting zygote enters the uterus for implantation. If it is not fertilized, it will degrade and exit the body. d. If it fuses with a sperm, the resulting zygote enters the cervix for implantation. If it is not fertilized, it will degrade and exit the body.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Option c is correct; zygote enters the uterus for implantation, oocyte degrades and exits if not fertilized.

Step by step solution

01

Read the Question

Understand what is being asked. The question is about the fate of a secondary oocyte after being released during ovulation, with specific pathways mentioned if fertilization occurs or not.
02

Identify Key Concepts

The key concepts are fertilization, zygote movement, implantation, and degradation and exit of the oocyte.
03

Recall Biological Processes

When a secondary oocyte is released during ovulation, it travels down the fallopian tube. If a sperm fertilizes it, the resulting zygote travels to the uterus for implantation. If it is not fertilized, the oocyte degrades and exits the body through menstruation.
04

Evaluate Each Answer Option

Compare each option with the biological processes:- Option a: states zygote enters the cervix for implantation (incorrect) and oocyte returns to the oviduct if not fertilized (incorrect).- Option b: states zygote enters the uterus for implantation (correct) but oocyte returns to oviduct if not fertilized (incorrect).- Option c: states zygote enters the uterus for implantation (correct) and oocyte degrades and exits the body if not fertilized (correct).- Option d: states zygote enters the cervix for implantation (incorrect) but correct about degradation and exit (correct).
05

Select the Correct Answer

Based on the evaluation of biological processes and the explanation given, option c stands out as the correct one.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Fertilization Process
The fertilization process begins when a sperm successfully penetrates a secondary oocyte in the fallopian tube. This fusion between sperm and oocyte triggers a series of chemical reactions. These reactions prevent other sperms from entering. The genetic material from both the sperm and the oocyte combine, forming a single-celled entity called a zygote. This process marks the start of human development. The zygote undergoes rapid cell division and prepares for implantation.
Zygote Implantation
Once fertilization is complete, the zygote travels towards the uterus. It is transported down the fallopian tube by tiny hair-like structures called cilia. This journey can take about 3 to 4 days. As the zygote approaches the uterus, it continues to divide and transform into a blastocyst. This blastocyst stage is crucial for successful implantation. Upon arrival in the uterus, the blastocyst embeds itself into the thickened endometrial lining. This is where it receives nutrients and support for continued growth. Successful implantation usually indicates the beginning of pregnancy.
Oocyte Degradation
If the secondary oocyte is not fertilized by a sperm, it undergoes degradation. This process starts shortly after ovulation. Without fertilization, the oocyte does not complete meiosis and begins to break down. The cell's structures disintegrate, and it loses its ability to function. This degraded oocyte, alongside the uterine lining, is eventually shed from the body. This shedding process is a natural part of the menstrual cycle, which we'll discuss further.
Menstrual Cycle
The menstrual cycle is a monthly process that prepares the female body for potential pregnancy. It typically spans around 28 days but can vary. The cycle includes several phases:
  • **Menstrual Phase**: Shedding of the uterine lining if no fertilization occurs.
  • **Follicular Phase**: Growth of ovarian follicles stimulated by hormones.
  • **Ovulation**: Release of a mature secondary oocyte into the fallopian tube.
  • **Luteal Phase**: Preparation of the uterus for potential implantation of a fertilized egg.
In the absence of fertilization, the corpus luteum (the follicle shell after ovulation) degenerates, hormone levels drop, and menstruation resumes. This cycle repeats itself through a woman鈥檚 reproductive life.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Compare the specialization of reproductive structures found in different types of land animals. a. In birds, an opening called the cloaca is used to transfer sperm, whereas in mammals, the presence of the penis and vagina allows direct delivery. Complete reproductive systems are formed in insects, with eggs maturing in the testes and sperm maturing in the ovaries. b. In birds, an opening called the cloaca is used to transfer sperm, whereas in mammals, the presence of the penis and vagina allows direct delivery. Complete reproductive systems are formed in insects, with eggs maturing in the ovaries and sperm maturing in the testes. c. In birds, sperm are transferred via the spermatheca, whereas in mammals, the presence of the penis and vagina allows direct delivery. Complete reproductive systems are formed in insects, with eggs maturing in the ovaries and sperm maturing in the testes. d. In birds, an opening called the cloaca is used to transfer sperm, whereas in mammals, the presence of the penis and vagina allows direct delivery. Insects always use parthenogenesis.

After the blastula is formed, where do the embryonic stem cells and germ layers originate? a. The inner cell mass contains embryonic stem cells, which arrange themselves into the three germ layers. b. The trophoblast in the blastula contains embryonic stem cells, which arrange themselves into three germ layers. c. The inner cell mass contains embryonic stem cells, whereas the germ cells originate from the trophoblast. d. The embryonic stem cells and germ layers originate from the blastocoel present inside the blastula.

Sex determination in humans and other mammals is dictated by the presence of sex chromosomes. Are there different factors that determine the sex of other types of animals? a. No, the sex of an individual is only determined by the presence of sex chromosomes. b. Yes, temperature also determines the sex of an individual. c. Yes, humidity and temperature determine the sex of an individual. d. Yes, pH and humidity determine the sex of an individual.

What stimulates Leydig cells in the testes to produce testosterone? a. FSH b. LH c. inhibin d. estrogen

Explain what the mesoderm is and what it eventually differentiates into. a. The mesoderm, located on either side of the vertebrate neural tube, develops into various connective tissues. It is reorganized into groups of cells called somites, which develop into facial cartilage, ribs, and lungs. b. The mesoderm, located at the border of the neural plate and the non-neural ectoderm, develops into various connective tissues such as the ribs, lungs, segmental muscle, and the notochord, which forms the central axis of the animal body. c. The mesoderm, located on either side of the vertebrate neural tube, develops into various connective tissues. It is reorganized into groups of cells called somites, which develop into ribs, lungs, segmental muscle, and the notochord. d. The mesoderm, located at the border of the neural plate and the non-neural ectoderm, develops into various connective tissues such as the facial cartilage, ribs, and lungs.
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