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Chapter 34: Problem 25

What occurs as a result of fertilization of an egg and sperm? a. Fertilization restores diploidy. b. Fertilization always results in a viable embryo. c. Fertilization merges two diploid cells into a haploid cell. d. Fertilization precedes ovulation

Short Answer

Expert verified
Option A: Fertilization restores diploidy.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the Question

Break down what the question is asking. It wants to know the result of the fertilization process involving an egg and sperm.
02

Analyze Option A

Option A states that 'Fertilization restores diploidy.' Recall that diploidy means having two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent. Fertilization indeed combines the haploid sperm and haploid egg to form a diploid zygote.
03

Analyze Option B

Option B states that 'Fertilization always results in a viable embryo.' This is not always true; fertilization can sometimes result in embryos that are not viable due to genetic anomalies or other issues.
04

Analyze Option C

Option C states that 'Fertilization merges two diploid cells into a haploid cell.' This is incorrect as fertilization merges two haploid cells (egg and sperm) to create a diploid cell, not the other way around.
05

Analyze Option D

Option D states that 'Fertilization precedes ovulation.' This is inaccurate since ovulation must occur first, releasing the egg that can then be fertilized.
06

Conclusion

Based on the analysis, Option A is correct. Fertilization combines the haploid egg and haploid sperm to form a diploid zygote, thus restoring diploidy.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Diploidy
Diploidy is a fundamental concept in genetics. It refers to cells that contain two complete sets of chromosomes. In humans, each diploid cell has 46 chromosomes, consisting of 23 pairs. One set comes from the mother, and the other set comes from the father. Diploid cells are also denoted as 2n cells. Examples of diploid cells include most of the body's cells, like skin cells, muscle cells, and blood cells. These cells undergo mitosis to produce identical daughter cells, maintaining the diploid number of chromosomes.
Mitosis differs from meiosis, the latter of which results in haploid cells. These haploid cells are crucial for sexual reproduction.
Zygote Formation
Zygote formation is a critical event in the fertilization process. When a sperm cell and an egg cell fuse, they form a zygote. This process restores diploidy, meaning the resulting zygote has two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent. The fusion of these haploid cells to form a diploid cell is what kickstarts the development of a new organism.
The fertilization process does not guarantee a viable embryo in every case. Genetic anomalies or other issues can lead to non-viable zygotes. However, when viable, the zygote undergoes rapid cell divisions through mitosis, beginning embryonic development.
Haploid and Diploid Cells
Understanding the difference between haploid and diploid cells is essential in grasping the concept of fertilization. Haploid cells contain a single set of chromosomes, denoted as n. In humans, this means 23 chromosomes. These cells are produced by meiosis and are involved in sexual reproduction.
Sperm cells and egg cells are examples of haploid cells. When these cells merge during fertilization, they form a diploid cell, restoring the chromosome count to 46 in humans.
In contrast, diploid cells (2n) contain two sets of chromosomes and are typical of most body cells, except for the reproductive cells. The significance of diploidy in organisms is that it allows for genetic diversity and the repair of genetic damage through processes like homologous recombination during meiosis.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Compare and contrast sex determination in birds and mammals. a. In mammals, sex is determined by the presence of XX (homozygous) in males and XY (heterozygous) in females, while in birds, sex is determined by the presence of ZZ (homozygous) in females and ZW (heterozygous) in males. b. In mammals, sex is determined by the presence of XX (homozygous) in males and XY (heterozygous) in females, while in birds, sex is determined by the presence of ZW (heterozygous) in females and ZZ (homozygous) in males. c. In mammals, sex is determined by the presence of XX (homozygous) in females and XY (heterozygous) in males, while in birds, sex is determined by the presence of ZZ (homozygous) in females and ZW (heterozygous) in males. d. In mammals, sex is determined by the presence of XX (homozygous) in females and XY (heterozygous) in males, while in birds, sex is determined by the presence of ZW (heterozygous) in females and ZZ (homozygous) in males.

Explain the fate of the newly released secondary oocyte after ovulation. a. If it fuses with a sperm, the resulting zygote enters the cervix for implantation. If it is not fertilized, it will return to the oviduct. b. If it fuses with a sperm, the resulting zygote enters the uterus for implantation. If it is not fertilized, it will return to oviduct. c. If it fuses with a sperm, the resulting zygote enters the uterus for implantation. If it is not fertilized, it will degrade and exit the body. d. If it fuses with a sperm, the resulting zygote enters the cervix for implantation. If it is not fertilized, it will degrade and exit the body.

Compare and contrast spermatogenesis and oogenesis. a. Both are the form of gametogenesis that takes place through mitosis. Spermatogenesis is the process of formation of four sperm in the testes in males. The process of formation of one ovum in the ovaries in females is called oogenesis. b. Both are the form of gametogenesis that takes place through meiosis. Spermatogenesis is the process of formation of four sperm in the testes in males. The process of formation of four ova in the ovaries in females is called oogenesis. c. Bothare the form of gametogenesis that takes place through meiosis. Spermatogenesis is the process of formation of four sperm in the testes in males. The process of formation of one ovum in the ovaries in females is called oogenesis. d. Both are the form of gametogenesis that takes place through meiosis. Spermatogenesis is the process of formation of one sperm in the testes in males, while the process of formation of one ovum in the ovaries in females is called oogenesis.

What are some advantages of internal compared with external fertilization? a. Internal fertilization leads to more genetic variations and increases the survival rates of offsprings. b. Internal fertilization increases the survival rates of offspring, and large numbers of offspring are produced. c. Internal fertilization increases the survival rates of offspring, and the chance of fertilization with a specific partner also increases. d. Internal fertilization increases the survival rates of offspring and decreases the chance of fertilization with a specific partner.

After the blastula is formed, where do the embryonic stem cells and germ layers originate? a. The inner cell mass contains embryonic stem cells, which arrange themselves into the three germ layers. b. The trophoblast in the blastula contains embryonic stem cells, which arrange themselves into three germ layers. c. The inner cell mass contains embryonic stem cells, whereas the germ cells originate from the trophoblast. d. The embryonic stem cells and germ layers originate from the blastocoel present inside the blastula.
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