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Chapter 34: Problem 25

What occurs as a result of fertilization of an egg and sperm? a. Fertilization restores diploidy. b. Fertilization always results in a viable embryo. c. Fertilization merges two diploid cells into a haploid cell. d. Fertilization precedes ovulation

Short Answer

Expert verified
Option A: Fertilization restores diploidy.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the Question

Break down what the question is asking. It wants to know the result of the fertilization process involving an egg and sperm.
02

Analyze Option A

Option A states that 'Fertilization restores diploidy.' Recall that diploidy means having two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent. Fertilization indeed combines the haploid sperm and haploid egg to form a diploid zygote.
03

Analyze Option B

Option B states that 'Fertilization always results in a viable embryo.' This is not always true; fertilization can sometimes result in embryos that are not viable due to genetic anomalies or other issues.
04

Analyze Option C

Option C states that 'Fertilization merges two diploid cells into a haploid cell.' This is incorrect as fertilization merges two haploid cells (egg and sperm) to create a diploid cell, not the other way around.
05

Analyze Option D

Option D states that 'Fertilization precedes ovulation.' This is inaccurate since ovulation must occur first, releasing the egg that can then be fertilized.
06

Conclusion

Based on the analysis, Option A is correct. Fertilization combines the haploid egg and haploid sperm to form a diploid zygote, thus restoring diploidy.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Diploidy
Diploidy is a fundamental concept in genetics. It refers to cells that contain two complete sets of chromosomes. In humans, each diploid cell has 46 chromosomes, consisting of 23 pairs. One set comes from the mother, and the other set comes from the father. Diploid cells are also denoted as 2n cells. Examples of diploid cells include most of the body's cells, like skin cells, muscle cells, and blood cells. These cells undergo mitosis to produce identical daughter cells, maintaining the diploid number of chromosomes.
Mitosis differs from meiosis, the latter of which results in haploid cells. These haploid cells are crucial for sexual reproduction.
Zygote Formation
Zygote formation is a critical event in the fertilization process. When a sperm cell and an egg cell fuse, they form a zygote. This process restores diploidy, meaning the resulting zygote has two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent. The fusion of these haploid cells to form a diploid cell is what kickstarts the development of a new organism.
The fertilization process does not guarantee a viable embryo in every case. Genetic anomalies or other issues can lead to non-viable zygotes. However, when viable, the zygote undergoes rapid cell divisions through mitosis, beginning embryonic development.
Haploid and Diploid Cells
Understanding the difference between haploid and diploid cells is essential in grasping the concept of fertilization. Haploid cells contain a single set of chromosomes, denoted as n. In humans, this means 23 chromosomes. These cells are produced by meiosis and are involved in sexual reproduction.
Sperm cells and egg cells are examples of haploid cells. When these cells merge during fertilization, they form a diploid cell, restoring the chromosome count to 46 in humans.
In contrast, diploid cells (2n) contain two sets of chromosomes and are typical of most body cells, except for the reproductive cells. The significance of diploidy in organisms is that it allows for genetic diversity and the repair of genetic damage through processes like homologous recombination during meiosis.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

What is the nature of the oogonium and the secondary oocyte? Which process results in the formation of the secondary oocyte? a. A diploid oogonium forms a haploid oocyte by the process of mitosis. b. A haploid oogonium forms a diploid oocyte by the process of meiosis. c. A diploid oogonium forms a haploid oocyte by the process of meiosis. d. A haploid oogonium forms a haploid haploid oocyte by the process of meiosis.

What are the mechanisms that protect and nurture the embryo in oviparous animals? a. The hard leathery exterior of bird eggs and the hard calcium covering of reptile eggs provides protection to the growing embryo. Nourishment is provided by yolk in the eggs. b. The hard leathery exterior of reptile eggs and the hard calcium covering of bird eggs provide protection to the growing embryo. Nourishment is provided by endosperm in the eggs. c. The hard leathery exterior of reptile eggs and the hard calcium covering of bird eggs provide protection to the growing embryo. Nourishment is provided by placenta in the eggs. d. The hard leathery exterior of reptile eggs and the hard calcium covering of bird eggs provide protection to the growing embryo. Nourishment is provided by yolk in the eggs.

What are the three phases of embryonic development in chronological order? a. blastula ? gastrula ? cleavage b. blastula ? cleavage ? gastrula c. cleavage ? gastrula ? blastula d. cleavage ? blastula ? gastrula

After ovulation, increasing amounts of _____ cause the endometrium to start to thicken. a. fluid b. LH c. progesterone d. GnRH

Due to global climate change and pollution, a lake experiences changes in temperature and pH. The lake has many species, including sexually reproducing frogs, water fleas that multiply by parthenogenesis, hydra that multiply by budding, and sponges that multiply by fragmentation. Which of these species will most likely survive the changing conditions of the lake? a. hydra b. sponges c. water fleas d. sexually-reproducing frogs
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