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Chapter 34: Problem 30

Which germ layer forms the skin cells? a. endoderm b. ectoderm c. mesoderm d. trophoblast

Short Answer

Expert verified
b. ectoderm

Step by step solution

01

- Understanding Germ Layers

The three primary germ layers in early embryonic development are the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. Each germ layer gives rise to different tissues and organs.
02

- Identifying the Ectoderm

The ectoderm is the outermost germ layer and is responsible for forming the outermost layers of the body.
03

- Functions of the Ectoderm

The ectoderm forms structures such as the nervous system and the epidermis, which is the outer layer of the skin.
04

- Selecting the Correct Answer

From the choices provided, identify which option correctly states that the ectoderm forms the skin cells.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

ectoderm
In embryonic development, the ectoderm is the outermost of the three primary germ layers. Each germ layer ultimately develops into specific tissues and organs. The ectoderm differentiates into structures that form the outer layers of the body.

It plays a crucial role in the formation of the skin and the nervous system.
  • The ectoderm develops into the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin.
  • It also forms the brain and spinal cord, which are essential parts of the nervous system.
  • Other structures derived from the ectoderm include hair, nails, and certain glands.
The term 鈥渆ctoderm鈥� combines two parts: 'ecto-' meaning outer and '-derm' meaning skin, underscoring its significance in forming outer body layers.
skin cells
Skin cells are derived from the ectoderm during embryonic development. The primary function of these cells is to form protective barriers. There are different types of skin cells, each with its specific role:
  • Keratinocytes: Make up the majority of skin cells and produce keratin, a protein that provides strength and resilience.
  • Melanocytes: Produce melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color and protection against UV radiation.
  • Langerhans cells: Part of the immune system, these cells help defend the body against pathogens.
  • Merkel cells: Involved in the sensation of touch.
Overall, skin cells are essential for protecting internal organs, regulating body temperature, and sensing environmental changes.
embryonic development
Embryonic development is a complex process that transforms a single fertilized egg into a fully formed organism. This process involves several stages:

The fertilized egg, or zygote, undergoes multiple cell divisions to form a blastocyst. From the blastocyst, three primary germ layers emerge:
  • Ectoderm: Forms the skin, nervous system, and other structures.
  • Mesoderm: Develops into muscles, bones, and the circulatory system.
  • Endoderm: Gives rise to the lining of the digestive and respiratory systems.
Each germ layer lays the foundation for specific tissues and organs. Proper embryonic development is critical for the formation of a healthy organism, and any disruptions in this process can lead to developmental disorders.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

What are the three phases of embryonic development in chronological order? a. blastula ? gastrula ? cleavage b. blastula ? cleavage ? gastrula c. cleavage ? gastrula ? blastula d. cleavage ? blastula ? gastrula

Explain the fate of the newly released secondary oocyte after ovulation. a. If it fuses with a sperm, the resulting zygote enters the cervix for implantation. If it is not fertilized, it will return to the oviduct. b. If it fuses with a sperm, the resulting zygote enters the uterus for implantation. If it is not fertilized, it will return to oviduct. c. If it fuses with a sperm, the resulting zygote enters the uterus for implantation. If it is not fertilized, it will degrade and exit the body. d. If it fuses with a sperm, the resulting zygote enters the cervix for implantation. If it is not fertilized, it will degrade and exit the body.

Compare and contrast sex determination in birds and mammals. a. In mammals, sex is determined by the presence of XX (homozygous) in males and XY (heterozygous) in females, while in birds, sex is determined by the presence of ZZ (homozygous) in females and ZW (heterozygous) in males. b. In mammals, sex is determined by the presence of XX (homozygous) in males and XY (heterozygous) in females, while in birds, sex is determined by the presence of ZW (heterozygous) in females and ZZ (homozygous) in males. c. In mammals, sex is determined by the presence of XX (homozygous) in females and XY (heterozygous) in males, while in birds, sex is determined by the presence of ZZ (homozygous) in females and ZW (heterozygous) in males. d. In mammals, sex is determined by the presence of XX (homozygous) in females and XY (heterozygous) in males, while in birds, sex is determined by the presence of ZW (heterozygous) in females and ZZ (homozygous) in males.

Why is broadcast spawning considered advantageous? a. Production of many eggs increases the chance of fertilization. b. Production of many sperm increases the chance of fertilization. c. It results in mixing of genes and greater genetic diversity. d. Animals that are motile carry out this process.

Discuss the positive feedback mechanisms by LH and FSH during the follicular and ovulation phase of the ovarian cycle. a. The stimulation of the anterior pituitary by GHRH secretes the hormones LH and FSH. The increasing amounts of these hormones stimulate several follicles in the ovary to start growing, but only one of these matures to release the egg. b. The stimulation of the anterior pituitary by GnRH secretes the hormones LH and TSH. The increasing amounts of these hormones stimulate several follicles in the ovary to start growing, but only one of these matures to release the egg. c. The stimulation of the anterior pituitary by GnRH triggers the secretion of the hormones LH and FSH. The increasing amounts of these hormones stimulate several follicles in the ovary to start growing, but only one of these matures to release the egg. d. The stimulation of the anterior pituitary by GHRH secretes the hormones LH and TSH. The increasing amounts of these hormones stimulate several follicles in the ovary to start growing, but only one of these matures to release the egg.
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