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What transcripts will be most affected by low levels of αamanitin?

a. 18S and 28S rRNAs

b. pre-mRNAs

c. 5S rRNAs and tRNAs

d. other small nuclear RNAs

Short Answer

Expert verified

Low amounts of a-amanitin had the greatest impact on pre-mRNAs.

Step by step solution

01

step-1: Introduction

RNA polymerase is an enzyme that assists in the transcription process by copying a DNA sequence into an RNA sequence.

02

step-2: Explanation of correct answer

Option (b) is to use pre-mRNAs. Low amounts of a-amanitin have the greatest impact on pre-mRNAs because a-amanitin interacts with RNA polymerase II's bridge helix (a-helix). The a-helix is primarily responsible for the RNA polymerase II's flexibility and mobility. When a-amanitin binds, its flexibility is harmed, and RNA polymerase II translocation is hampered. A-amanitin has no effect on the rate of nucleotide base addition to pre-mRNA or the formation of phosphodiester linkages between bases. As a result, a-amanitin slows down the total rate of transcription synthesis.

03

step-3: Explanation of incorrect answers

A lethal peptide generated by the poisonous mushroom Amanita phalloides, also known as toadstool mushroom or death cap, is option (a) 18s and 28s rRNAsa-amanitin. Because RNA polymerase I is insensitive to a-amanitin in the cellular department of the nucleolus, a-amanitin has no influence on its activity. So RNA polymerase can transcribe DNA in the presence of this poison.

5s rRNAs and tRNAs are option (c). The deadly peptide a-amanitin is produced by the poisonous mushroom Amanita phalloides, sometimes known as toadstool mushroom or death cap. Because it is found in the nucleus of the cell and may transcribe tRNAs, also known as adaptor molecules, RNA polymerase III is somewhat sensitive to this toxin.

Option (d) Other small nucleus RNAs.a-amanitin is a toxic peptide have moderate sensitivity for RNA polymerase III. This is because it is located in nucleus of cell where small nucleus RNAs plays important roles like splicing of pre mRNAs and regulation of transcription factors.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

How do enhancers and promoters differ? a. Enhancers bind transcription factors to silence gene expression, while promoters activate transcription. b. Enhancers increase the efficiency of gene expression but are not essential for transcription. Promoter recognition is essential to transcription initiation. c. Promoters bind transcription factors to increase the efficiency of transcription. Enhancers bind RNA polymerases to initiate transcription. d. There is no difference. Both are transcription factor-binding sequences in DNA.

How do enhancers and promoters differ?

a. Enhancers bind transcription factors to silence gene expression, while promoters activate transcription.

b. Enhancers increase the efficiency of gene expression, but are not essential for transcription. Promoter recognition is essential to transcription initiation.

c. Promoters bind transcription factors to increase the efficiency of transcription. Enhancers bind RNA polymerases to initiate transcription.

d. There is no difference. Both are transcription factor-binding sequences in DNA.

In your own words, describe the difference between rho-dependent and rho-independent termination of transcription in prokaryotes

A scientist introduces a mutation that makes the 60S ribosomal subunit nonfunctional in a human cell line. What would be the predicted effect on translation?

a. Translation stalls after the initiation AUG codon is identified.

b. The ribosome cannot catalyze the formation of peptide bonds between the tRNAs in the A and P sites.

c. The ribosome cannot interact with mRNAs.

d. tRNAs cannot exit the E site of the ribosome.

How many nucleotides are in 12 mRNA codons?

a. 12

b. 24

c. 36

d. 48

See all solutions

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