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Chapter 7: Problem 2

Information in __________ lasts only a few seconds or less and has a relatively large (but not unlimited) storage capacity. a. perceptual processes b. working memory c. short-term storage d. sensory memory

Short Answer

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d. sensory memory

Step by step solution

01

Understand the Question

The question is asking about a type of memory that lasts only a few seconds or less and has a relatively large storage capacity.
02

Analyze the Options

Review each option to determine if it matches the description given in the question.
03

Option A: Perceptual Processes

Perceptual processes involve interpreting sensory information and are not specifically related to memory storage duration or capacity.
04

Option B: Working Memory

Working memory temporarily holds and manipulates information for cognitive tasks, but it lasts longer than a few seconds and has a limited capacity.
05

Option C: Short-Term Storage

Short-term storage, or short-term memory, holds information for about 20 seconds and also has a limited capacity of 7卤2 items.
06

Option D: Sensory Memory

Sensory memory holds sensory information for just a few seconds or less and has a relatively large capacity compared to short-term storage.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Sensory Memory
Sensory memory is the briefest form of memory processing. It鈥檚 like a quick snapshot that your brain takes after any sense interaction. This type of memory holds information from the environment until it is either attended to or lost. Sensory memory has a large capacity but can only retain information for a few seconds or even less.
For example:
  • When you quickly glance at a crowd, you initially get a detailed image before it fades.
  • The sound of a car honking registers in your brain just momentarily before you choose to react or ignore it.
There are different subtypes of sensory memory related to each sense:
  • Iconic memory for visual information.
  • Echoic memory for auditory information.
  • Haptic memory for touch-related information.
Understanding sensory memory helps us grasp how quickly the brain processes and decides what information is important enough to pass on for further attention.
Short-Term Memory
Short-term memory is where your brain holds information temporarily. It lasts longer than sensory memory but not very long鈥攖ypically around 20 seconds. The capacity is limited, often described as 7卤2 items (like digits in a phone number). For example:
  • When you try to remember a grocery list shortly after hearing it, you're using short-term memory.
  • Remembering instructions a friend just gave you right before acting on them also involves short-term memory.
It's important because it acts as a sort of 'clipboard' where information can be held and either forgotten or transferred to long-term memory depending on its significance. Key points:
  • Limited duration: Information here doesn't last long without repetition or focus.
  • Limited capacity: Usually 7卤2 items.
  • Chunking: Grouping items into chunks can increase the amount of information you can hold.
Short-term memory allows us to manage everyday tasks and interactions efficiently by holding onto crucial details for immediate use.
Working Memory
Working memory is an extension of short-term memory. It is where we actively manipulate and work with the information held temporarily. Unlike short-term memory, it is involved in reasoning and comprehension processes. For example:
  • Problem-solving: When you do a math problem in your head, you use working memory to hold the numbers and operations until you reach a solution.
  • Reading comprehension: While reading a text, working memory helps you understand and retain the meaning of sentences and paragraphs.
Key attributes include:
  • Duration and capacity: Similar to short-term memory but focuses more on the manipulation of information.
  • Active process: Requires more cognitive effort as it鈥檚 not just about holding information but also using it.
Working memory is essential for complex cognitive tasks and helps us perform everyday functions that require attention and manipulation of information.
In a nutshell, working memory is your mental 'workbench'鈥攈olding pieces of information while you solve problems, make decisions, or understand complex ideas.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Distributed practice is a learning technique in which _____________. a. students are distributed (spaced) equally throughout the room b. learning periods are broken up into a number of short sessions over a period of time c. learning decays faster than it can be distributed d. several students study together, distributing various subjects according to their individual strengths

Your vivid memory of what you were doing when you were first informed about your parents' impending divorce might be an example of _______. a. encoding specificity b. Iong-term potentiation (LTP) c. latent learning d. a flashbulb memory (FBM)

Briefly explain the decay theory of forgetting.

Describe how the ESR model of memory can be compared to the workings of a computer.

A progressive mental deterioration characterized by severe memory loss that occurs most commonly in elderly people is called _____________ . a. retrieval loss syndrome deterioration b. prefrontal cortex disease (PCD) c. Alzheimer's disease (AD) d. age-related amnesia (A-RA)
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