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Chapter 3: Q6DQ (page 573)
Why is it sometimes possible to loosen caps on screw-top bottles by dipping the capped bottle briefly into hot water?
Due to the difference in volume expansion, the caps get to loosen up.
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A cylinder with a frictionless, movable piston like that shown in Fig. 19.5 contains a quantity of helium gas. Initially the gas is at 300 K and and occupies a volume of 1.50 L. The gas then undergoes two processes. In the first, the gas is heated and the piston is allowed to move to keep the temperature at . This continues until the pressure reaches . In the second process, the gas is compressed at constant pressure until it returns to its original volume of 1.50 L. Assume that the gas may be treated as ideal. (a) In a pV-diagram, show both processes. (b) Find the volume of the gas at the end of the first process, and the pressure and temperature at the end of the second process. (c) Find the total work done by the gas during both processes. (d) What would you have to do to the gas to return it to its original pressure and temperature?
Why do frozen water pipes burst? Would a mercury thermometer break if the temperature went below the freezing temperature of mercury? Why or why not?
One of the tallest buildings in the world is the Taipei 101 in Taiwan, at a height of 1671 feet. Assume that this height was measured on a cool spring day when the temperature was 15.5潞C. You could use the building as a sort of giant thermometer on a hot summer day by carefully measuring its height. Suppose you do this and discover that the Taipei 101 is 0.471 foot taller than its official height. What is the temperature, assuming that the building is in thermal equilibrium with the air and that its entire frame is made of steel?
Imagine a gas made up entirely of negatively charged electrons. Like charges repel, the electrons exert repulsive forces on each other. Would you expect that the temperature of such a gas would rise, fall, or stay the same in a free expansion? Why?
Six moles of an ideal gas are in a cylinder fitted at one end with a movable piston. The initial temperature of the gas is 27.0掳C and the pressure is constant. As part of a machine design project, calculate the final temperature of the gas after it has done 2.40 x 103 J of work.
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