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Chapter 3: Q6DQ (page 638)
When ice melts at 0掳C, its volume decreases. Is the internal energy change greater than, less than, or equal to the heat added? How can you tell?
Yes, The change in the internal energy is greater than the heat transferred to ice.
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Question: If the air temperature is the same as the temperature of your skin (about 30掳C), your body cannot get rid of heat by transferring it to the air. In that case, it gets rid of the heat by evaporating water (sweat). During bicycling, a typical 70-kg person鈥檚 body produces energy at a rate of about 500W due to metabolism, 80% of which is converted to heat. (a) How many kilograms of water must the person鈥檚 body evaporate in an hour to get rid of this heat? The heat of vaporization of water at body temperature is . (b) The evaporated water must, of course, be replenished, or the person will dehydrate. How many 750-mL bottles of water must the bicyclist drink per hour to replenish the lost water? (Recall that the mass of a litre of water is 1.0 kg.
Imagine a special air filter placed in a window of a house. The tiny holes in the filter allow only air molecules moving faster than a certain speed to exit the house, and allow only air molecules moving slower than that speed to enter the house from outside. What effect would this filter have on the temperature inside the house? (It turns out that the second law of thermodynamics鈥攚hich we will discuss in Chapter 20鈥攖ells us that such a wonderful air filter would be impossible to make.)
In the ideal-gas equation, could an equivalent Celsius temperature be used instead of the Kelvin one if an appropriate numerical value of the constant Ris used? Why or why not?
The free expansion of an ideal gas is an adiabatic process and so no heat is transferred. No work is done, so the internal energy does not change. Thus,, yet the randomness of the system and thus its entropy have increased after the expansion. Why does Eq.not apply to this situation?
If you run a movie film backward, it is as if the direction of time were reversed. In the time-reversed movie, would you see processes that violate conservation of energy? Conservation of linear momentum? Would you see processes that violate the second law of thermodynamics? In each case, if law-breaking processes could occur, give some examples.
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