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Chapter 3: Q27DQ (page 573)

We鈥檙e lucky that the earth isn鈥檛 in thermal equilibrium with the sun (which has a surface temperature of 5800K.But why aren鈥檛 the two bodies in thermal equilibrium?

Short Answer

Expert verified

Earth and sun are not in equilibrium because they don鈥檛 form an isolated system.

Step by step solution

01

Defining the thermal equilibrium between two bodies

Two physical systems are in thermal equilibrium if there is no net flow of heat or thermal energy between them.

02

Earth and Sun are not in thermal equilibrium

As Earth and Sun are not isolated systems. So, the heat radiation from Sun is emitted in all directions, not just towards the earth. Therefore, the intensity of sunlight reaching the earth鈥檚 surface is much less than the intensity of sunlight radiated by the Sun.

Thus, thermal equilibrium cannot be achieved between Earth and Sun.

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The process abc shown in the pV-diagram in Fig. E19.11 involves 0.0175 mol of an ideal gas. (a) What was the lowest temperature the gas reached in this process? Where did it occur? (b) How much work was done by or on the gas from a to b? From b to c? (c) If 215 J of heat was put into the gas during abc, how many of those joules went into internal energy?

During the time 0.305 mol of an ideal gas undergoes an isothermal compression at 22.0掳C, 392 J of work is done on it by the surroundings. (a) If the final pressure is 1.76 atm, what was the initial pressure? (b) Sketch a pV-diagram for the process.

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