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Estimate the minimum and maximum wavelengths of the characteristic x rays emitted by (a) vanadium (Z= 23) and (b) rhenium (Z= 45). Discuss any approximations that you make.

Short Answer

Expert verified

(a) The minimum and maximum wavelengths of characteristic x-rays in case of vanadium are 0.188 nm and 0.250 nm.

(b) The minimum and maximum wavelengths of characteristic x-rays in case of rhenium are 0.0471 nm and 0.0624 nm.

Step by step solution

01

 (a) Determination of the minimum and maximum wavelengths of characteristic x-rays in case of vanadium.

Minimum wavelength has correspondence to the largest transition energy as energy difference is inversely proportional to wavelength.

Δ·¡=(Z−1)2(13.6eV)=23-1213.6eV=6.528×103eV=1.055×10−15J

Now, the wavelength and transition energy difference is given as,

∆E=hcλ

Solving for wavelength,

λ=hcΔ·¡Î»=hcΔ·¡=6.626×10−34Jâ‹…s2.998×108m/s1.055×10−15J=1.88×10−10m=0.188nm

Maximum wavelength has correspondence to the smallest transition energy and here the wavelength is given by the Moseley’s formula

f=2.48×1015Hz(Z−1)2=2.48×1015Hz(23−1)2=1.200×1018Hz

Solving for wavelength,

λ=cf=2.998×108m/s1.200×1018Hz=2.50×10−10m=0.250nm

02

 (b) Determination of the minimum and maximum wavelengths of characteristic x-rays in case of rhenium.

Minimum wavelength has correspondence to the largest transition energy as energy difference is inversely proportional to wavelength.

ΔE=(Z−1)2(13.6eV)=(45−1)2(13.6eV)=2.663×104eV=4.218×10−15J

Now, the wavelength and transition energy difference is given as,

∆E=hcλ

Solving for wavelength,

λ=hc∆E

λ=hcΔ·¡=6.626×10−34Jâ‹…s2.998×108m/s4.218×10−15J=4.71×10−11m=0.0471nm

Maximum wavelength has correspondence to the smallest transition energy and here the wavelength is given by the Moseley’s formula

f=2.48×1015Hz(z−1)2=2.48×1015Hz(45−1)2=4.801×1018Hz

Solving for wavelength,

λ=cf

=2.998×108m/s4.801×1018Hz=6.24×10−11m=0.0624nm

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