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Chapter 11: Problem 42

When a salt that contains the negative ion of a weak acid is dissolved in water, the solution is basic. For example, a solution of sodium acetate (the corresponding acid is acetic acid) is basic. Why?

Short Answer

Expert verified
The acetate ion reacts with water to produce hydroxide ions, making the solution basic.

Step by step solution

01

- Identify the ions

When sodium acetate \text{ (NaC\(_2\)H\(_3\)O\(_2\))} is dissolved in water, it dissociates into sodium ions \text{ (Na\(^+\))} and acetate ions \text{ (C\(_2\)H\(_3\)O\(_2^-\))}.
02

- Recognize the weak acid involved

Acetic acid \text{ (HC\(_2\)H\(_3\)O\(_2\))} is the weak acid corresponding to the acetate ion.
03

- Determine the behavior of the acetate ion in water

The acetate ion \text{ (C\(_2\)H\(_3\)O\(_2^-\))} acts as a base in water. It reacts with water molecules to form acetic acid \text{ (HC\(_2\)H\(_3\)O\(_2\))} and hydroxide ions \text{ (OH\(^-\))} as follows: \[ \text{C}_2\text{H}_3\text{O}_2^- \ + \ \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow \text{HC}_2\text{H}_3\text{O}_2 \ + \ \text{OH}^- \]
04

- Explain the formation of a basic solution

The hydroxide ions \text{ (OH\(^-\))} produced in the reaction increase the pH of the solution, making it basic.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Dissociation of Salts
When salts dissolve in water, they break apart into their individual ions, a process known as dissociation. For example, when sodium acetate (NaC鈧嘓鈧僌鈧�) is dissolved, it separates into sodium ions (Na鈦�) and acetate ions (C鈧侶鈧僌鈧傗伝). This process is important because the behavior of these ions in water determines whether the solution becomes acidic, neutral, or basic. Sodium ions (Na鈦�) typically don't affect the pH of the solution, but acetate ions (C鈧侶鈧僌鈧傗伝) can interact with water to influence the solution's properties.
Weak Acids and Bases
Weak acids and bases partially dissociate in water, meaning not all of the compound's molecules break apart. For example, acetic acid (HC鈧侶鈧僌鈧�) is a weak acid. When exposed to water, only a small fraction of its molecules release hydrogen ions (H鈦�). Conversely, weak bases, like the acetate ion (C鈧侶鈧僌鈧傗伝), can react with water to accept hydrogen ions (protons). Acetic acid and its conjugate base, acetate ion, are part of a system where the weak acid's partial dissociation in water and the base's ability to gain protons (H鈦�) play key roles in determining the pH of a solution.
Hydrolysis in Aqueous Solutions
In aqueous solutions, certain ions undergo hydrolysis, a reaction with water that changes the pH of the solution. When you dissolve sodium acetate in water, the acetate ions (C鈧侶鈧僌鈧傗伝) interact with water molecules. The reaction produces hydroxide ions (OH鈦�) and acetic acid (HC鈧侶鈧僌鈧�):
  • The acetate ion (C鈧侶鈧僌鈧傗伝) accepts a hydrogen ion (H鈦�) from a water molecule.
  • This forms acetic acid (HC鈧侶鈧僌鈧�) and releases a hydroxide ion (OH鈦�).

The generation of hydroxide ions (OH鈦�) increases the pH, making the solution basic. This phenomenon illustrates how salt dissociation and ion hydrolysis in aqueous solutions determine the overall acidity or basicity of the solution.

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