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Chapter 10: Q20Q (page 260)
Explain how the tube in Fig. 10鈥�45, known as a siphon, can transfer liquid from one container to a lower one even though the liquid must flow uphill for part of its journey. (Note that the tube must be filled with liquid to start with.)
The tube must be full of liquid initially for this to work.
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The contraction of the left ventricle (chamber) of the heart pumps blood to the body. Assuming that the inner surface of the left ventricle has an area of \({\bf{82}}\;{\bf{c}}{{\bf{m}}^{\bf{2}}}\) and the maximum pressure in the blood is 120 mm-Hg, estimate the force exerted by that ventricle at maximum pressure.
Why does an ocean liner float?
(a) It is made of steel, which floats.
(b) It's very big size changes the way water supports it.
(c) It is held up in the water by large Styrofoam compartments.
(d) The average density of the ocean liner is less than that of seawater.
(e) Remember the Titanic鈥攐cean liners do not float.
A tall Styrofoam cup is filled with water. Two holes are punched in the cup near the bottom, and water begins rushing out. If the cup is dropped so it falls freely, will the water continue to flow from the holes? Explain.
An airplane has a mass of \({\bf{1}}{\bf{.7 \times 1}}{{\bf{0}}^{\bf{6}}}\;{\bf{kg}}\) and the air flows past the lower surface of the wings at 95 m/s. If the wings have a surface area of \({\bf{1200}}\;{{\bf{m}}^{\bf{2}}}\), how fast must the air flow over the upper surface of the wing if the plane is to stay in the air?
(II) Poiseuille鈥檚 equation does not hold if the flow velocity is high enough that turbulence sets in. The onset of turbulence occurs when the Reynolds number, \(Re\) , exceeds approximately 2000. \(Re\) is defined as
\({\mathop{\rm Re}\nolimits} = \frac{{2\overline v r\rho }}{\eta }\)
where \(\overline v \) is the average speed of the fluid, \(\rho \) is its density, \(\eta \) is its viscosity, and \(r\) is the radius of the tube in which the fluid is flowing. (a) Determine if blood flow through the aorta is laminar or turbulent when the average speed of blood in the aorta \(\left( {{\bf{r = 0}}{\bf{.80}}\;{\bf{cm}}} \right)\) during the resting part of the heart鈥檚 cycle is about \({\bf{35}}\;{\bf{cm/s}}\). (b) During exercise, the blood-flow speed approximately doubles. Calculate the Reynolds number in this case, and determine if the flow is laminar or turbulent.
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