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(1) If vector \(\vec{\mathbf{A}}\) points along the negative \(x\) axis and vector \(\vec{\mathbf{B}}\) along the positive \(z\) axis, what is the direction of \((a) \vec{\mathbf{A}} \times \vec{\mathbf{B}}\) and \((b) \mathbf{B} \times \vec{\mathbf{A}} ?(c)\) What is the magnitude of \(\overline{\mathbf{A}} \times \vec{\mathbf{B}}\) and \(\vec{\mathbf{B}} \times \vec{\mathbf{A}} ?\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) Positive y-axis; (b) Negative y-axis; (c) Magnitude is |A||B| for both.

Step by step solution

01

Determine the Direction of A x B

To find the direction of the cross product \( \vec{\mathbf{A}} \times \vec{\mathbf{B}} \), we use the right-hand rule. Place the index finger of your right hand in the direction of \( \vec{\mathbf{A}} \) (negative \( x \)-axis), and your middle finger in the direction of \( \vec{\mathbf{B}} \) (positive \( z \)-axis). Your thumb will point toward the positive \( y \)-axis, which is the direction of \( \vec{\mathbf{A}} \times \vec{\mathbf{B}} \).
02

Determine the Direction of B x A

For \( \vec{\mathbf{B}} \times \vec{\mathbf{A}} \), reverse the order. Using the right-hand rule again, place the index finger in the direction of \( \vec{\mathbf{B}} \) and the middle finger in the direction of \( \vec{\mathbf{A}} \). The thumb will point in the negative \( y \)-axis direction, so \( \vec{\mathbf{B}} \times \vec{\mathbf{A}} \) points in that direction.
03

Calculate the Magnitude of A x B

The magnitude of a cross product \( |\vec{\mathbf{A}} \times \vec{\mathbf{B}}| \) is calculated using the formula \( |\vec{\mathbf{A}}| |\vec{\mathbf{B}}| \sin(\theta) \), where \( \theta \) is the angle between the two vectors. Since \( \vec{\mathbf{A}} \) and \( \vec{\mathbf{B}} \) are perpendicular (\( \theta = 90^\circ \)), \( \sin(90^\circ) = 1 \). Thus, the magnitude is \( |\vec{\mathbf{A}}| |\vec{\mathbf{B}}| \).
04

Compare Magnitudes of A x B and B x A

The property of cross products is that \( |\vec{\mathbf{A}} \times \vec{\mathbf{B}}| = |\vec{\mathbf{B}} \times \vec{\mathbf{A}}| \). Both have the magnitude \( |\vec{\mathbf{A}}| |\vec{\mathbf{B}}| \). The directions are opposite, but magnitudes remain the same for both \( \vec{\mathbf{A}} \times \vec{\mathbf{B}} \) and \( \vec{\mathbf{B}} \times \vec{\mathbf{A}} \).

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Right-Hand Rule
Understanding the right-hand rule is key when dealing with the cross product of vectors. Imagine forming your right hand into a gun shape with your thumb, index finger, and middle finger all perpendicular to one another.
- **Index Finger:** Point this finger in the direction of the first vector, let's say vector \( \vec{\mathbf{A}} \). In this problem, that’s along the negative \( x \)-axis.
- **Middle Finger:** This finger should point in the direction of the second vector, such as vector \( \vec{\mathbf{B}} \). Here, it’s the positive \( z \)-axis.
- **Thumb:** Your thumb will now point in the direction of the resultant cross product vector. For \( \vec{\mathbf{A}} \times \vec{\mathbf{B}} \), the thumb shows the positive \( y \)-axis direction.
Now, let's reverse it. Point your index finger along \( \vec{\mathbf{B}} \) and your middle finger along \( \vec{\mathbf{A}} \). Your thumb will point to the negative \( y \)-axis, giving you the direction for \( \vec{\mathbf{B}} \times \vec{\mathbf{A}} \). Remember, swapping the order of vectors in a cross product flips the vector direction!
Vector Direction
Vector direction in 3D space is crucial in vector operations. With vectors \( \vec{\mathbf{A}} \) and \( \vec{\mathbf{B}} \), if you change their order, the direction of their cross product changes. For \( \vec{\mathbf{A}} \times \vec{\mathbf{B}} \), the vector points differently from \( \vec{\mathbf{B}} \times \vec{\mathbf{A}} \).
- When you cross \( \vec{\mathbf{A}} \) and \( \vec{\mathbf{B}} \), remember they follow the right-hand rule to determine the direction.
- Direction helps in locating objects or forces in physics problems like when dealing with torque or magnetic forces.
Hence, knowing the direction of vectors means understanding instinctively how the vector behaves in physical space. The correct calculation ensures accurate representation and solution in diverse applications.
Magnitude of Vectors
To compute the magnitude of a cross product of two vectors, such as \( \vec{\mathbf{A}} \) and \( \vec{\mathbf{B}} \), use the formula: \[ |\vec{\mathbf{A}} \times \vec{\mathbf{B}}| = |\vec{\mathbf{A}}| |\vec{\mathbf{B}}| \sin(\theta) \] where \( \theta \) is the angle between the two vectors.
- Given the vectors \( \vec{\mathbf{A}} \) is along the negative \( x \)-axis and \( \vec{\mathbf{B}} \) is on the positive \( z \)-axis, they are perpendicular, making \( \theta = 90^\circ \).
- The sine of \( 90^\circ \) is 1, simplifying the magnitude to just the product of the magnitudes of \( \vec{\mathbf{A}} \) and \( \vec{\mathbf{B}} \).
Thus, whether it's \( \vec{\mathbf{A}} \times \vec{\mathbf{B}} \) or \( \vec{\mathbf{B}} \times \vec{\mathbf{A}} \), their magnitudes are identical. Only their directions differ. This property of cross products is crucial across fields—from physics to engineering—ensuring vector forces and directions are properly calculated.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

(II) A toy gyroscope consists of a \(170-\mathrm{g}\) disk with a radius of 5.5 \(\mathrm{cm}\) mounted at the center of a thin axle 21 \(\mathrm{cm}\) long (Fig. 41\()\) . The gyroscope spins at 45 \(\mathrm{rev} / \mathrm{s} .\) One end of its axle rests on a stand and the other end precesses horizontally about the stand. (a) How long does it take the gyroscope to precess once around? (b) If all the dimensions of the gyroscope were doubled (radius = \(11 \mathrm{cm},\) axle \(=42 \mathrm{cm} )\) how long would it take to precess once?

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