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Chapter 16: Problem 71

The Hottest Living Things From the surreal realm of deep-sea hydrothermal vents 200 miles offshore from Puget Sound, comes a newly discovered hyperthermophilic -or extreme heat-loving - microbe that holds the record for the hottest existence known to science. This microbe is tentatively known as Strain 121 for the temperature at which it thrives: \(121^{\circ} \mathrm{C} .\) (At sea level, water at this temperature would boil vigorously, but the extreme pressures at the ocean floor prevent boiling from occurring.) What is this temperature in degrees Fahrenheit?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Strain 121's thriving temperature is approximately 249.8掳F.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the Conversion Formula

To convert a temperature from degrees Celsius (掳C) to degrees Fahrenheit (掳F), we use the formula: \[ F = \frac{9}{5}C + 32 \] where \(C\) represents degrees Celsius and \(F\) represents degrees Fahrenheit.
02

Plug in the Celsius Temperature

We know that Strain 121 thrives at \(121^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). Plug this value into the formula in place of \(C\): \[ F = \frac{9}{5} \times 121 + 32 \]
03

Perform the Multiplication

First, calculate \(\frac{9}{5} \times 121\): \[ \frac{9}{5} \times 121 = 217.8 \]
04

Add 32 to the Result

Now, add 32 to the result from the previous step to finish the conversion: \[ 217.8 + 32 = 249.8 \]
05

Review the Calculation

The final converted temperature of Strain 121 is \(249.8^{\circ} \mathrm{F}\). This completes the conversion from Celsius to Fahrenheit.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Celsius to Fahrenheit Conversion
Temperature conversion is a fundamental concept in science and daily life. To convert a temperature from Celsius to Fahrenheit, we use the formula: \[ F = \frac{9}{5}C + 32 \] Here, the factor \(\frac{9}{5}\) accounts for the difference in scale between the two units, and 32 adjusts for the offset where water freezes at 0掳C and 32掳F.
  • "C" is the temperature in degrees Celsius.
  • "F" is the temperature in degrees Fahrenheit.
Using this conversion, we can translate any temperature reading from Celsius to Fahrenheit. This is particularly useful in scientific settings or international contexts where multiple temperature scales may be used. It's always important to carefully plug values into the formula and perform each arithmetic step accurately to ensure the correct conversion.
Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vents
Deep-sea hydrothermal vents are fascinating geological features found on the ocean floor. These vents form when seawater penetrates the Earth's crust, gets heated by magma, and then resurfaces through fissures.
  • Temperatures can exceed 400掳C near these vents.
  • The pressure is so high it prevents the heated water from boiling.
  • Minerals carried by the water form unique structures around the vents known as "chimneys."
These extreme environments support unique ecosystems, including bacteria and microorganisms that can survive in such high temperatures, often leading to the discovery of new species adapted to these harsh conditions.
Extreme Heat-Loving Microbes
In the inhospitable environment of hydrothermal vents, some microbes have adapted to thrive. These are known as hyperthermophiles, or extreme heat-loving microorganisms.
  • Hyperthermophiles can survive at temperatures as high as 121掳C or even higher.
  • They are fascinating because most life forms are destroyed at these temperatures.
  • The discovery of Strain 121, which thrives at 121掳C, challenges our understanding of the limits of life.
Such microbes have special proteins and enzymes that remain stable and functional at extremely high temperatures, offering insights into the possibility of life in similar extreme conditions elsewhere in the universe.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Some cookware has a stainless steel interior \((\alpha=17.3 \times \mathrm{k}\) \(10^{-6} \mathrm{K}^{-1}\) ) and a copper bottom \(\left(\alpha=17.0 \times 10^{-6} \mathrm{K}^{-1}\right)\) for better heat distribution. Suppose an 8.0-in. pot of this construction is heated to \(610^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) on the stove. If the initial temperature of the pot is \(22^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\), what is the difference in diameter change for the copper and the steel?

A grandfather clock has a simple brass pendulum of length L. One night, the temperature in the house is \(25.0^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and the period of the pendulum is 1.00 s. The clock keeps correct time at this temperature. If the temperature in the house quickly drops to \(17.1^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) just after 10 P.M., and stays at that value, what is the actual time when the clock indicates that it is 10 A.M. the next morning?

Suppose you could convert the 525 Calories in the cheeseburger you ate for lunch into mechanical energy with \(100 \%\) efficiency. (a) How high could you throw a \(0.145-\mathrm{kg}\) baseball with the energy contained in the cheeseburger? (b) How fast would the ball be moving at the moment of release?

Referring to the copper ring in the previous problem, imagine that initially the ring is hotter than room temperature, and that an aluminum rod that is colder than room temperature fits snugly inside the ring. When this system reaches thermal equilibrium at room temperature, is the rod (A, firmly wedged in the ring; or \(\mathbf{B},\) can it be removed easily)?

One day you notice that the outside temperature increased by \(27 \mathrm{F}^{\circ}\) between your early morning jog and your lunch at noon. What is the corresponding change in temperature in the (a) Celsius and (b) Kelvin scales?
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