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Express the angular velocity of the second hand on a clock in the following units: (a) rev / hr, (b) \(\operatorname{deg} / \mathrm{min},\) and (c) \(\mathrm{rad} / \mathrm{s}\).

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) 60 rev/hr, (b) 360 deg/min, (c) \(\frac{\pi}{30}\) rad/s.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Angular Velocity

Angular velocity refers to how fast an object rotates or revolves relative to another point, typically the center of a circle. In the case of the second hand on a clock, it completes one full revolution in 60 seconds.
02

Calculate Angular Velocity in rev/hr

First, recognize that the second hand completes 1 full revolution every 60 seconds. To find revolutions per hour, convert seconds to minutes and then to hours: 1 rev/60 sec is equivalent to:\[\text{rev/hr} = \frac{1 \text{ rev}}{60 \text{ sec}} \times \frac{60 \text{ sec}}{1 \text{ min}} \times \frac{60 \text{ min}}{1 \text{ hr}} = 60 \text{ rev/hr}\]
03

Convert rev/hr to deg/min

1 revolution is equivalent to 360 degrees. To convert rev/hr to deg/min, do the following conversions:From Step 2, \(60 \text{ rev/hr}\):\[\text{deg/min} = 60 \text{ rev/hr} \times \frac{360 \text{ deg}}{1 \text{ rev}} \times \frac{1 \text{ hr}}{60 \text{ min}} = 360 \text{ deg/min}\]
04

Convert rev/hr to rad/s

1 revolution equals \(2\pi\) radians. Convert rev/hr to rad/s as follows:From Step 2, \(60 \text{ rev/hr}\):\[\text{rad/s} = 60 \text{ rev/hr} \times \frac{2\pi \text{ rad}}{1 \text{ rev}} \times \frac{1 \text{ hr}}{3600 \text{ sec}} = \frac{\pi}{30} \text{ rad/s}\]
05

Conclusion: Angular Velocity in Various Units

Summarize the angular velocity of the second hand: - In revolutions per hour: 60 rev/hr. - In degrees per minute: 360 deg/min. - In radians per second: \(\frac{\pi}{30}\) rad/s.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Revolutions per Hour
Understanding angular velocity in terms of "revolutions per hour" is a matter of recognizing how complete cycles occur in a specific period. When dealing with the second hand of the clock, we know it makes one full revolution every minute. However, to express this in revolutions per hour, we must understand the basic math behind it.

- Each revolution takes 60 seconds. Therefore, in one minute, it will complete exactly one revolution.
- In one hour, which is 60 minutes, the second hand therefore makes 60 full revolutions.

Hence, the angular velocity of the second hand, when expressed in terms of revolutions per hour, is 60 rev/hr. This means the second hand circles the clock face 60 times in a single hour.
Degrees per Minute
"Degrees per minute" is another practical way to measure angular velocity, indicating how many degrees an object covers per minute. For rotating objects like the second hand of a clock, this measurement helps visualize its speed in terms of angles covered rather than full circles.

- One full revolution equals 360 degrees. Therefore, if the second hand completes one revolution every minute, it covers 360 degrees in that time.

Breaking this down further:
- Since the second hand completes 60 revolutions per hour, in one minute, it completes one revolution spreading over 360 degrees.

Thus, the angular velocity of the clock's second hand in degrees per minute is 360 deg/min, illustrating a per-minute sweep of the clock face by 360 degrees, equivalent to one complete circle around the clock.
Radians per Second
"Radians per second" is a unit that is part of the radian system, commonly used in mathematical and scientific computations. It provides another perspective of evaluating angular velocity, by expressing it in radians, a standard mathematical unit.

- To understand this conversion, remember that one full revolution is equal to \(2\pi\) radians.
- Given the second hand makes one revolution in 60 seconds, to calculate radians per second, start with previously established revolutions per hour.

Here's how to arrive at radians per second for the second hand:
- Starting from 60 rev/hr, multiply by \(\frac{2\pi}{1}\) rad per rev. Then convert hours to seconds by recognizing that one hour equals 3600 seconds:
- This gives the formula \[\text{rad/s} = 60 \times \frac{2\pi}{1} \times \frac{1}{3600} = \frac{\pi}{30} \text{ rad/s}.\]

Therefore, the second hand rotates at \(\frac{\pi}{30}\) radians per second, offering a precise measure of its rotational speed in radians over time.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Suppose a bicycle wheel is rotated about an axis through its rim and parallel to its axle. (a) Is its moment of inertia about this axis greater than, less than, or equal to its moment of inertia about its axle? (b) Choose the best explanation from among the following: I. The moment of inertia is greatest when an object is rotated about its center. II. The mass and shape of the wheel remain the same. III. Mass is farther from the axis when the wheel is rotated about the rim.

The world's tallest building is the Taipei 101 Tower in Taiwan, which rises to a height of \(508 \mathrm{m}(1667 \mathrm{ft})\). (a) When standing on the top floor of the building, is your angular speed due to the Earth's rotation greater than, less than, or equal to your angular speed when you stand on the ground floor? (b) Choose the hest explanation from among the following: I. The angular speed is the same at all distances from the axis of rotation. II. At the top of the building you are farther from the axis of rotation and hence you have a greater angular speed. III. You are spinning faster when you are closer to the axis of rotation.

Consider a race between the following three objects: object \(1,\) a disk; object 2, a solid sphere; and object \(3,\) a hollow spherical shell. All objects have the same mass and radius. (a) Rank the three objects in the order in which they finish the race. Indicate a tie where appropriate. (b) Rank the objects in order of increasing kinetic energy at the bottom of the ramp. Indicate a tie where appropriate.

A 1.3 -kg block is tied to a string that is wrapped a round the rim of a pulley of radius \(7.2 \mathrm{cm}\). The block is released from rest. (a) Assuming the pulley is a uniform disk with a mass of \(0.31 \mathrm{kg},\) find the speed of the block after it has fallen through a height of \(0.50 \mathrm{m}\). (b) If a small lead weight is attached near the rim of the pulley and this experiment is repeated, will the speed of the block increase, decrease, or stay the same? Explain.

The following angles are given in radians. Convert them to degrees: \(\pi / 6,0.70 \pi, 1.5 \pi, 5 \pi\).

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