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Chapter 4: Problem 107

Which of the following forces have an unlimited range: strong force, contact force, electromagnetic force, gravitational force?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: The electromagnetic force and gravitational force have an unlimited range.

Step by step solution

01

Strong Force

The strong force is one of the four fundamental forces in nature. It acts at the subatomic level, holding the protons and neutrons together in the nucleus. However, the range of the strong force is limited. It only acts at very short distances (around 1 femtometer, or 10^-15 meters) within the nucleus, and its strength decreases significantly at greater distances.
02

Contact Force

Contact forces are those forces that involve physical contact between two interacting objects, such as the force exerted by a person pushing a box. The range of a contact force is limited because it can only act when the two objects are in direct contact with each other.
03

Electromagnetic Force

The electromagnetic force is another fundamental force that is responsible for the interactions between charged particles (e.g., protons and electrons). The electromagnetic force has an infinite range, as it acts between charged particles regardless of the distance between them. However, its strength decreases with increasing distance, according to Coulomb's law, which states that the force between two particles is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
04

Gravitational Force

The gravitational force is the force that attracts objects with mass towards each other, as described by Newton's law of universal gravitation. This force also has an unlimited range, acting between any two objects with mass regardless of the distance between them. However, like the electromagnetic force, the strength of the gravitational force also decreases with increasing distance, following an inverse square law. In conclusion, out of the given forces, the electromagnetic and gravitational forces have an unlimited range.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A block of mass \(m_{1}=3.0 \mathrm{kg}\) rests on a frictionless horizontal surface. A second block of mass \(m_{2}=2.0 \mathrm{kg}\) hangs from an ideal cord of negligible mass that runs over an ideal pulley and then is connected to the first block. The blocks are released from rest. (a) Find the acceleration of the two blocks after they are released. (b) What is the velocity of the first block 1.2 s after the release of the blocks, assuming the first block does not run out of room on the table and the second block does not land on the floor? (c) How far has block 1 moved during the 1.2 -s interval? (d) What is the displacement of the blocks from their initial positions 0.40 s after they are released?
An \(80.0-\mathrm{N}\) crate of apples sits at rest on a ramp that runs from the ground to the bed of a truck. The ramp is inclined at \(20.0^{\circ}\) to the ground. (a) What is the normal force exerted on the crate by the ramp? (b) The interaction partner of this normal force has what magnitude and direction? It is exerted by what object on what object? Is it a contact or a long-range force? (c) What is the static frictional force exerted on the crate by the ramp? (d) What is the minimum possible value of the coefficient of static friction? (e) The normal and frictional forces are perpendicular components of the contact force exerted on the crate by the ramp. Find the magnitude and direction of the contact force.
An airplane of mass \(2800 \mathrm{kg}\) has just lifted off the runway. It is gaining altitude at a constant \(2.3 \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}\) while the horizontal component of its velocity is increasing at a rate of $0.86 \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}^{2} .\( Assume \)g=9.81 \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}^{2} .$ (a) Find the direction of the force exerted on the airplane by the air. (b) Find the horizontal and vertical components of the plane's acceleration if the force due to the air has the same magnitude but has a direction \(2.0^{\circ}\) closer to the vertical than its direction in part (a).
A crate of oranges weighing \(180 \mathrm{N}\) rests on a flatbed truck $2.0 \mathrm{m}$ from the back of the truck. The coefficients of friction between the crate and the bed are \(\mu_{\mathrm{s}}=0.30\) and $\mu_{\mathrm{k}}=0.20 .\( The truck drives on a straight, level highway at a constant \)8.0 \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s} .$ (a) What is the force of friction acting on the crate? (b) If the truck speeds up with an acceleration of \(1.0 \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}^{2},\) what is the force of the friction on the crate? (c) What is the maximum acceleration the truck can have without the crate starting to slide?
Find the altitudes above the Earth's surface where Earth's gravitational field strength would be (a) two thirds and (b) one third of its value at the surface. [Hint: First find the radius for each situation; then recall that the altitude is the distance from the surface to a point above the surface. Use proportional reasoning.]
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