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Chapter 4: Problem 108

Which of the following forces bind electrons to nuclei to form atoms: strong force, contact force, electromagnetic force, gravitational force?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: Electromagnetic force.

Step by step solution

01

Identify the relevant forces at the atomic level.

At the atomic level, the strong force, electromagnetic force, and gravitational force are relevant forces that could be responsible for binding electrons to the nucleus. The contact force is not relevant since it is a macroscopic force and doesn't act at atomic levels.
02

Analyze the strong force.

The strong force, also known as the strong nuclear force, is a fundamental force that binds protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. The strong force is not responsible for holding electrons in the atom, as its influence extends only a very short distance from the nucleus and doesn't have an attractive effect on the electrons.
03

Analyze the electromagnetic force.

The electromagnetic force is another fundamental force in nature that acts between electrically charged particles. In an atom, the positively charged protons in the nucleus and the negatively charged electrons experience an attractive electromagnetic force. This force is responsible for holding electrons in their orbits around the nucleus, forming an atom.
04

Analyze the gravitational force.

Gravitational force is the attractive force between masses. Although protons and electrons in an atom have mass and do experience a gravitational force, this force is extremely weak compared to the electromagnetic force. At atomic scales, gravity has negligible influence on the behavior of electrons around the nucleus.
05

Select the correct force.

The force responsible for binding electrons to nuclei to form atoms is the electromagnetic force. This is because the electromagnetic force is the attractive force between the positively charged protons in the nucleus and the negatively charged electrons, holding them in orbit around the nucleus. The other forces, either do not act on electrons at the atomic level or are too weak to have a significant effect.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A helicopter is lifting two crates simultaneously. One crate with a mass of \(200 \mathrm{kg}\) is attached to the helicopter by a cable. The second crate with a mass of \(100 \mathrm{kg}\) is hanging below the first crate and attached to the first crate by a cable. As the helicopter accelerates upward at a rate of \(1.0 \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}^{2},\) what is the tension in each of the two cables?
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A hanging potted plant is suspended by a cord from a hook in the ceiling. Draw an FBD for each of these: (a) the system consisting of plant, soil, and pot; (b) the cord; (c) the hook; (d) the system consisting of plant, soil, pot, cord, and hook. Label each force arrow using subscripts (for example, \(\overrightarrow{\mathbf{F}}_{\mathrm{ch}}\) would represent the force exerted on the cord by the hook).
Tamar wants to cut down a large, dead poplar tree with her chain saw, but she does not want it to fall onto the nearby gazebo. Yoojin comes to help with a long rope. Yoojin, a physicist, suggests they tie the rope taut from the poplar to the oak tree and then pull sideways on the rope as shown in the figure. If the rope is 40.0 m long and Yoojin pulls sideways at the midpoint of the rope with a force of \(360.0 \mathrm{N},\) causing a \(2.00-\mathrm{m}\) sideways displacement of the rope at its midpoint, what force will the rope exert on the poplar tree? Compare this with pulling the rope directly away from the poplar with a force of \(360.0 \mathrm{N}\) and explain why the values are different. [Hint: Until the poplar is cut through enough to start falling, the rope is in equilibrium.] (IMAGE CAN'T COPY)
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