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Chapter 4: Problem 108

Which of the following forces bind electrons to nuclei to form atoms: strong force, contact force, electromagnetic force, gravitational force?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: Electromagnetic force.

Step by step solution

01

Identify the relevant forces at the atomic level.

At the atomic level, the strong force, electromagnetic force, and gravitational force are relevant forces that could be responsible for binding electrons to the nucleus. The contact force is not relevant since it is a macroscopic force and doesn't act at atomic levels.
02

Analyze the strong force.

The strong force, also known as the strong nuclear force, is a fundamental force that binds protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. The strong force is not responsible for holding electrons in the atom, as its influence extends only a very short distance from the nucleus and doesn't have an attractive effect on the electrons.
03

Analyze the electromagnetic force.

The electromagnetic force is another fundamental force in nature that acts between electrically charged particles. In an atom, the positively charged protons in the nucleus and the negatively charged electrons experience an attractive electromagnetic force. This force is responsible for holding electrons in their orbits around the nucleus, forming an atom.
04

Analyze the gravitational force.

Gravitational force is the attractive force between masses. Although protons and electrons in an atom have mass and do experience a gravitational force, this force is extremely weak compared to the electromagnetic force. At atomic scales, gravity has negligible influence on the behavior of electrons around the nucleus.
05

Select the correct force.

The force responsible for binding electrons to nuclei to form atoms is the electromagnetic force. This is because the electromagnetic force is the attractive force between the positively charged protons in the nucleus and the negatively charged electrons, holding them in orbit around the nucleus. The other forces, either do not act on electrons at the atomic level or are too weak to have a significant effect.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A woman who weighs \(600 \mathrm{N}\) sits on a chair with her feet on the floor and her arms resting on the chair's armrests. The chair weighs $100 \mathrm{N}\(. Each armrest exerts an upward force of \)25 \mathrm{N}$ on her arms. The seat of the chair exerts an upward force of \(500 \mathrm{N}\). (a) What force does the floor exert on her feet? (b) What force does the floor exert on the chair? (c) Consider the woman and the chair to be a single system. Draw an FBD for this system that includes all of the external forces acting on it.
A helicopter is lifting two crates simultaneously. One crate with a mass of \(200 \mathrm{kg}\) is attached to the helicopter by a cable. The second crate with a mass of \(100 \mathrm{kg}\) is hanging below the first crate and attached to the first crate by a cable. As the helicopter accelerates upward at a rate of \(1.0 \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}^{2},\) what is the tension in each of the two cables?
A 320 -kg satellite is in orbit around the Earth \(16000 \mathrm{km}\) above the Earth's surface. (a) What is the weight of the satellite when in orbit? (b) What was its weight when it was on the Earth's surface, before being launched? (c) While it orbits the Earth, what force does the satellite exert on the Earth?
A truck is towing a 1000 -kg car at a constant speed up a hill that makes an angle of \(\alpha=5.0^{\circ}\) with respect to the horizontal. A rope is attached from the truck to the car at an angle of \(\beta=10.0^{\circ}\) with respect to horizontal. Ignore any friction in this problem. (a) Draw an FBD showing all the forces on the car. Indicate the angle that each force makes with either the vertical or horizontal direction. (b) What is the tension in the rope?
A man lifts a 2.0 -kg stone vertically with his hand at a constant upward acceleration of \(1.5 \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}^{2} .\) What is the magnitude of the total force of the man's hand on the stone?
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