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A nucleus whose mass is 3.49961210-25kgundergoes spontaneous alpha decay. The original nucleus disappears and there appear two new particles: a He-4 nucleus of mass 6.64067810-27kg(an 鈥渁lpha particle鈥 consisting of two protons and two neutrons) and a new nucleus of mass3.43313210-25kg (note that the new nucleus has less mass than the original nucleus, and it has two fewer protons and two fewer neutrons). (a) When the alpha particle has moved far away from the new nucleus (so the electric interactions are negligible), what is the combined kinetic energy of the alpha particle and new nucleus? (b) How many electron volts is this? In contrast to this nuclear reaction, chemical reactions typically involve only a few eV.

Short Answer

Expert verified
  1. The combined kinetic energy of the alpha particle and new nucleus is6.589810-13J.
  2. The combined kinetic energy of alpha particle and the new nucleus in terms of electron-volt unit is4.1186105eV .

Step by step solution

01

Given data

The value of nucleus mass = 3.49961210-25kg

The value of He-4 nucleus mass = 6.64067810-27kg

The value of a new nucleus mass = 3.43313210-25kg

02

Step 2:(a) Determine the combined kinetic energy of the alpha particle and the new nucleus

The expression of the mass difference between alpha particle and new nucleus is expressed as follows:

m=Nucleusmass-He-4nucleusmass+newnucleusmass

Here, represents the mass difference between alpha particle and new nucleus.

Substitute all the known values in the above expression.

m=3.49961210-25kg-6.64067810-27kg+3.43313210-25=7.32210-30kg

The expression of the combined kinetic energy of the alpha particle and the new nucleus is expressed as follows:

E=mc2

Here, E represents the combined kinetic energy of the alpha particle and the new nucleus and C represents the speed of light in vacuum whose value isc=3108m/s .

Substitute all the known values in the above expression.

E=7.32210-303108m/s2=6.58981013kgm2|s2=6.589810-13kgm2|s21J1kgm2|s2=6.589810-130J

Thus,the combined kinetic energy of the alpha particle and new nucleus is6.589810-13J .

03

(b) Determine the combined kinetic energy of alpha particle and the new nucleus in terms of electron-volt unit.

The relation between electron-volt and joule is expressed as follows:

1eV=1.610-13J

The combined kinetic energy of alpha particle and the new nucleus in terms of electron-volt unit can be calculated as,

E=6.589810-13J

role="math" localid="1654102911061" =6.589810-13J11.610-19eV1J=4.1186105eV

Thus, the combined kinetic energy of alpha particle and the new nucleus in terms of electron-volt unit is4.1186105eV .

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