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Suppose that wire A and wire B are made of different metals and are subjected to the same electric field in two different circuits. Wire B has the 6 times the cross sectional area, 1.3 times as many mobile electrons per cubic centimetre and 4 times the mobility of wire A. In the steady state \({\bf{2 \times 1}}{{\bf{0}}^{{\bf{18}}}}\) electrons enters wire A every second. How many electrons enter wire B every second?

Short Answer

Expert verified

The number of electrons enter in wire B per second are \(6.24 \times {10^{19}}\;{\rm{electrons}}/{\rm{s}}\).

Step by step solution

01

Identification of given data

The electric field for circuits of wire A and wire B is\({E_A} = {E_B}\)

The cross sectional area of the wire B is\({A_B} = 6{A_A}\)

The number of electrons per cubic centimetre for wire B is\({n_B} = 1.3{n_A}\)

The mobility of wire B is\({\mu _B} = 4{\mu _A}\)

The number of electrons enters in wire A per second is\({I_A} = 2 \times {10^{18}}\;{\rm{electrons}}/{\rm{s}}\)

The number of electrons entering in wire B per second is calculated by equating the electric field for both metal wires.

02

Determination of expression to find the electrons enter in wire B per second

The electric field for both metals are same so,

\(\begin{array}{c}{E_A} = {E_B}\\\frac{{{V_A}}}{{{L_A}}} = \frac{{{V_B}}}{{{L_B}}}\\\frac{{{I_A}{R_A}}}{{{L_A}}} = \frac{{{I_B}{R_B}}}{{{L_B}}}\\\frac{{{I_A}}}{{{L_A}}}\left( {\frac{{{L_A}}}{{{\sigma _A}{A_A}}}} \right) = \frac{{{I_B}}}{{{L_B}}}\left( {\frac{{{L_B}}}{{{\sigma _B}{A_B}}}} \right)\end{array}\)

\(\begin{array}{c}\frac{{{I_A}}}{{{L_A}}}\left( {\frac{{{L_A}}}{{{n_A}{\mu _A}{A_A}}}} \right) = \frac{{{I_B}}}{{{L_B}}}\left( {\frac{{{L_B}}}{{{n_B}{\mu _B}{A_B}}}} \right)\\\frac{{{I_A}}}{{{n_A}{\mu _A}{A_A}}} = \frac{{{I_B}}}{{{n_B}{\mu _B}{A_B}}}\end{array}\)

03

Determination of electrons enter in wire B per second

Substitute all the values in above equation.

\(\begin{array}{c}\frac{{\left( {2 \times {{10}^{18}}\;{\rm{electrons}}/{\rm{s}}} \right)}}{{{n_A}{\mu _A}{A_A}}} = \frac{{{I_B}}}{{\left( {1.3{n_A}} \right)\left( {4{\mu _A}} \right)\left( {6{A_A}} \right)}}\\{I_B} = 6.24 \times {10^{19}}\;{\rm{electrons}}/{\rm{s}}\end{array}\)

Therefore, the number of electrons enter in wire B per second are \(6.24 \times {10^{19}}\;{\rm{electrons}}/{\rm{s}}\).

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Inside a chemical battery it is not actually individual electrons that are transported from the + end to the 鈥 end. At the + end of the battery an 鈥渁cceptor鈥 molecule picks up an electron entering the battery, and at the 鈥 end a different 鈥渄onor鈥 molecule gives up an electron, which leaves the battery. Ions rather than electrons move between the two ends to support the charge inside the battery.

When the supplies of acceptor and donor molecules are used up in a chemical battery, the battery is dead because it can no longer accept or electron. The electron current in electron per second times the number of seconds of battery life, is equal to the number of donor molecules in the battery.

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Question: A circuit is constructed from two batteries and two wires, as shown in Figure 18.104. Each battery has an emf of 1.3V. Each wire is26cmlong and has a diameter of 710-4m. The wires are made of a metal that has71028mobile electrons per cubic meter; the electron mobility is 510-5(m/s)/(V/m). A steady current runs through the circuit. The locations marked by and labeled by a letter are in the interior of the wire. (a) Which of these statements about the electric field in the interior of the wires, at the locations marked by 's, are true? List all that apply. (1) The magnitude of the electric field at location G is larger than the magnitude of the electric field at location F. (2) At every marked location the magnitude of the electric field is the same. (3) At location B the electric field points to the left. (b) Write a correct energy conservation (round-trip potential difference) equation for this circuit, along a round-trip path starting at the negative end of battery 1 and traveling counterclockwise through the circuit (that is, traveling to the left through the battery, and continuing on around the circuit in the same direction). (c) What is the magnitude of the electric field at location B? (d) How many electrons per second enter the positive end of battery 2? (e)If the cross-sectional area of both wires were increased by a factor of 2, what would be the magnitude of the electric field at location B? (f) Which of the diagrams in Figure 18.105 best shows the approximate distribution of excess charge on the surface of the circuit?

When a single thick-filament bulb of a particular kind and two batteries are connected in series, 31018 electrons pass through the bulb every second. When two batteries in series are connected to a single thin-filament bulb, with a filament made of the same material and length as the thick-filament bulb but a smaller cross-section, only 1.51018 electrons pass through the bulb every second. (a) In the circuit shown in Figure 18.109, how many electrons per second flow through the thin-filament bulb? (b) What approximations or simplifying assumptions did you make? (c) Show approximately the surface charge on a diagram of the circuit.

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