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Chapter 10: Q2Q (page 410)

In a collision between an electron and a hydrogen atom, why is it useful to select both objects as the system? Pick all that apply: (1) The total momentum of the system does not change during the collision. (2) The sum of the final kinetic energies must equal the sum of the initial kinetic energies for a two-object system. (3) The kinetic energy of a two-object system is nearly zero. (4) The forces the objects exert on each other are internal to the system and don鈥檛 change the total momentum of the system. (5) During the time interval from just before to just after the collision, external forces are negligible.

Short Answer

Expert verified

1) the total momentum of the system does not change during the collision, 2) the sum of the final kinetic energies must equal to the sum of the initial kinetic energies for a two-object system, 4) The forces the object exert on each other are internal to the system and don鈥檛 change the total momentum of the system and 5) during the time interval from just before to just after the collision, external forces are negligible.

Step by step solution

01

Significance of the law of conservation of momentum of a system

This law states that the momentum of a particular system before and after the collision is constant if no external force acts on the system.

The law of the conservation of momentum gives the effect of the collision between the electron and the hydrogen atom.

02

Determination of the collision between the hydrogen and electron

From the law of conservation of momentum, momentum mainly describes the product of velocity and mass. Moreover, the total momentum of a body before and after the collision remains constant. Furthermore, as both the electron and the hydrogen atom have been selected as a system, then their total momentum does not change during the collision.

Also, if the collision is considered elastic, then, the net change in the kinetic energy is also zero.

Thus the following conditions will be applicable, 1) the total momentum of the system does not change during the collision, 2) the sum of the final kinetic energies must equal to the sum of the initial kinetic energies for a two-object system, 4) The forces the object exerts on each other are internal to the system and don鈥檛 change the total momentum of the system and 5) during the time interval from just before to just after the collision, external forces are negligible.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Two asteroids in outer space collide and stick together. The mass of each asteroid, and the velocity of each asteroid before the impact, are known. To find the momentum of the stuck-together asteroids after the impact, what approach would be useful? (1) Use the Energy Principle. (2) Use the Momentum Principle. (3) It depends on whether or not the speed of the asteroids was near the speed of light. (4) Use the relationship among velocity, displacement, and time. (5) It depends on whether the collision was elastic or inelastic.

Give an example of what we can learn about matter through the use of momentum and energy conservation applied to scattering experiments. Explain what it is that we cannot learn this way, for which we need to measure the distribution of scattering angles.

We can use our results for head-on elastic collisions to analyze the recoil of the Earth when a ball bounces off a wall embedded in the Earth. Suppose that a professional baseball pitcher hurts a baseball(m=155g)with a speed ofrole="math" localid="1668602437434" 100mih(v1=44m/s)at a wall that is securely anchored to the Earth, and the ball bounces back with little loss of kinetic energy.

(a) What is the approximate recoil speed of the Earth(M=6脳1024kg)?

(b) Calculate the approximate recoil kinetic energy of the Earth and compare it to the kinetic energy of the baseball.

The Earth gets lots of momentum (twice the momentum of the baseball) but very little kinetic energy.

Consider a head-on collision between two objects. Object 1, which has mass m1, is initially in motion, and collides head-on with object 2, which has massm2and is initially at rest. Which of the following statements about the collision are true?

(1)p鈫�1,initial=p鈫�1,final+p鈫�2,final.

(2)|p鈫�1,final|<|p鈫�1, initial|.

(3) Ifm2鈮�m1, then|螖p鈫�1|>|螖p鈫�2|.

(4) Ifm1鈮�m2, then the final speed of object 2 is less than the initial speed of object 1.

(5) Ifm2鈮�m1, then the final speed of object 1 is greater than the final speed of object 2.

It has been proposed to propel spacecraft through the Solar System with a large sail that is struck by photons from the Sun.

(a). Which would be more effective, a black sail that absorbs photons or a shiny sail that re铿俥cts photons back toward the Sun? Explain brie铿倅

(b). Suppose thatphotons hit a shiny sail per second, perpendicular to the sail. Each photon has energy. What is the force on the sail? Explain brie铿倅
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