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Chapter 10: Q.11Q (page 410)
In order to close a door, you throw an object at the door. Which would be more effective in closing the door, a 50g tennis ball or a 50g lump of sticky clay? Explain clearly what physics principles you used to draw your conclusion.
Tennis ball would be more effective.
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Under what conditions is the momentum of a system constant? Can the component of momentum be constant even if the component is changing? In what circumstances? Give an example of such behavior.
A ball whose mass is 0.2kg hits the 铿俹or with a speed of 8 m/s and rebounds upward with a speed of 7m/s. The ball was in contact with the 铿俹or for.
(a) What was the average magnitude of the force exerted on the ball by the 铿俹or? (b) Calculate the magnitude of the gravitational force that the Earth exerts on the ball.
(c) In a collision, for a brief time there are forces between the colliding objects that are much greater than external forces. Compare the magnitudes of the forces found in parts (a) and (b).
A Fe-57 nucleus is at rest and in its first excited state, 14.4 keV above the ground state (14.4 脳 103 eV, where 1 eV = 1.6脳10鈭�19 J). The nucleus then decays to the ground state with the emission of a gamma ray (a high-energy photon). (a) Wthe recoil speed of the nucleus? (b) Calculate the slight difference in eV between the gamma-ray energy and the 14.4 keV difference between the initial and final nuclear states. (c) The 鈥淢枚ssbauer effect鈥� is the name given to a related phenomenon discovered by Rudolf M枚ssbauer in 1957, for which he received the 1961 Nobel Prize for physics. If the Fe-57 nucleus is in a solid block of iron, occasionally when the nucleus emits a gamma ray the entire solid recoils as one object. This can happen due to the fact that neighbouring atoms and nuclei are connected by the electric interatomic force. In this case, repeat the calculation of part (a) and compare with your previous result. Explain briefly
An alpha particle (a helium nucleus, containing 2 protons and 2 neutrons) starts out with kinetic energy of 10 MeV (10 脳 106 eV), and heads in the +x direction straight toward a gold nucleus (containing 79 protons and 118 neutrons). The particles are initially far apart, and the gold nucleus is initially at rest. Assuming that all speeds are small compared to the speed of light, answer the following questions about the collision. (a) What is the final momentum of the alpha particle, long after it interacts with the gold nucleus? (b) What is the final momentum of the gold nucleus, long after it interacts with the alpha particle? (c) What is the final kinetic energy of the alpha particle? (d) What is the final kinetic energy of the gold nucleus? (e) Assuming that the movement of the gold nucleus is negligible, calculate how close the alpha particle will get to the gold nucleus in this head-on collision.
A 6kg mass traveling at speed 10m/s strikes a stationarymass head-on, and the two masses stick together.
(a) What was the initial total kinetic energy?
(b) What is the final speed?
(c) What is the final total kinetic energy?
(d) What was the increase in internal energy of the two masses?
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