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Chapter 10: Q.11Q (page 410)
In order to close a door, you throw an object at the door. Which would be more effective in closing the door, a 50g tennis ball or a 50g lump of sticky clay? Explain clearly what physics principles you used to draw your conclusion.
Tennis ball would be more effective.
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A projectile of massmoving with speed in the +xdirection strikes a stationary target of masshead-on. The collision is elastic. Use the Momentum Principle and the Energy Principle to determine the final velocities of the projectile and target, making no approximations concerning the masses. After obtaining your results, see what your equations would predict if, or if. Verify that these predictions are in agreement with the analysis in this chapter of the Ping-Pong ball hitting the bowling ball, and of the bowling ball hitting the Ping-Pong ball.
In a nuclear 铿乻sion reactor, each 铿乻sion of a uranium nucleus is accompanied by the emission of one or more high-speed neutrons, which travel through the surrounding material. If one of theneutrons is captured in another uranium nucleus, it can trigger 铿乻sion, which produces more fast neutrons, which could make possible a chain reaction
In an elastic collision involving known masses and initial momenta, how many unknown quantities are there after the collision? How many equations are there? In a sticking collision involving known masses and initial momenta, how many unknown quantities are there after the collision? Explain how you can determine the amount of kinetic energy change.
A Fe-57 nucleus is at rest and in its first excited state, 14.4 keV above the ground state (14.4 脳 103 eV, where 1 eV = 1.6脳10鈭�19 J). The nucleus then decays to the ground state with the emission of a gamma ray (a high-energy photon). (a) Wthe recoil speed of the nucleus? (b) Calculate the slight difference in eV between the gamma-ray energy and the 14.4 keV difference between the initial and final nuclear states. (c) The 鈥淢枚ssbauer effect鈥� is the name given to a related phenomenon discovered by Rudolf M枚ssbauer in 1957, for which he received the 1961 Nobel Prize for physics. If the Fe-57 nucleus is in a solid block of iron, occasionally when the nucleus emits a gamma ray the entire solid recoils as one object. This can happen due to the fact that neighbouring atoms and nuclei are connected by the electric interatomic force. In this case, repeat the calculation of part (a) and compare with your previous result. Explain briefly
A beam of high-energy 蟺 鈭� (negative pions) is shot at a flask of liquid hydrogen, and sometimes a pion interacts through the strong interaction with a proton in the hydrogen, in the reaction , where X + is a positively charged particle of unknown mass. The incoming pion momentum is 3 GeV/c (1GeV = 1000 MeV = 1 脳 109 electron-volts). The pion is scattered through , and its momentum is measured to be 1510 MeV/c (this is done by observing the radius of curvature of its circular trajectory in a magnetic field). A pion has a rest energy of 140 MeV, and a proton has a rest energy of 938 MeV. What is the rest mass of the unknown X+ particle, in ? Explain your work carefully. It is advantageous to write the equations not in terms of v but rather in terms of E and p; remember that .
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