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(a) A weighted coin has probability of 23of showing heads and 13of showing tails. Find the probabilities of in two tosses of the coin. Set up the sample space and the associated probabilities. Do the probabilities add to 1 as they should? What is the probability of at least one head? What is the probability of two heads if you know there was at least one head?

(b) For the coin in (a), set up the sample space for three tosses, find the associated probabilities, and use it to answer the questions in Problem 2.12.

Short Answer

Expert verified

(a) The sample space

Sample spacehhhtthtt
Probability4/92/92/91/9

is 89and the probability of at least one head is and the probability of two heads if you know there was at least one head, PAB=12.

(b) The sample space is

Sample spacehhhhhththhttthhthttthttt
Probability232323=827
232313=427
231323=427
231313=227
132323=427
132313=227
131323=227
131313=127

and the probability of one tail when there were more heads than tails is 34,the probability of all tails when two heads did not appear in succession is 15,the probability that two coins were in succession were alike, when the coins did not all fall alike is 23,the probability that the difference of number of heads and tails is 1 is 23, the probability of exactly two heads when there was at least one head is 37.

Step by step solution

01

Definition of Independent Event

The events are said to be independent when the occurrence or non-occurrence of any event does not have any effect on the occurrence or non-occurrence of the other event.

02

(a) Determination of the probabilities of  in two tosses of the coin and probability of at least one head and the probability of two heads if you know there was at least one head

The probability of getting a head or a tail is 12and both are independent events. So, the probability of getting first 3 heads followed by 3 tails is obtained as follows,

p=123123=126

Find the probability of hh.

2323=49

Find the probability of ht.

2313=29

Find the probability of th.

1323=29
Find the probability of .

1313=19

Set the sample space and their associated probability.

Sample spacehhhtthtt
Probability4/92/92/91/9

It can be observed that the sum of all the probabilities is 1.

From the obtained sample space and the probabilities, the desired probability, that is P(A)=89.

Find the probability of two heads if you know there was at least one head.

PA(B)=4989=12
Thus, the probability of at least one head is 89and the probability of two heads if you know there was at least one head, PA(B)=12.

03

 Step 4: (b) Setting up sample space and determination of the associated probability for three tosses.

The possibility is 8 in number, namely hhh, hht, hth, htt, thh, tht, tth, ttt .

Set the sample space and their associated probability.

Sample spacehhhhhththhttthhthttthttt
Probability232323=827
232313=427
" width="9">localid="1664356258820" 231323=427localid="1664356025414" 231313=227
132323=427
localid="1664355870831" 132313=227
131323=227
131313=127

When there are more heads, this implies that the sample space becomes hhh,hht,hth,thh and each point has a probability of 14and the probability of having one tail is 34.

When no two head appear in succession, this implies that the sample space becomes hth,htt,tht,tth,ttt and each point has a probability of 15and the probability of having all tail is 15.

When coins do not fall all alike, this implies that the sample space becomes hht,hth,htt,thh,tht,tth and each point has a probability of 16. The event that two coins fell in succession are hht,htt,thh,tth and the probability that two coins fall were in succession is 46or 23.

The sample space is hhh,hht,hth,htt,thh,tht,tth,ttt and contains 8 points and each point has a probability of 18.

The difference of number of heads and tails is 1 when either number of head is 2 or number of tails is 2. The event for the condition is hht, hth, htt, thh, tht, tth.

The probability that the difference of number of heads and tails is 1 is 46or 23.

When there is at least one head, this implies that the sample space becomes hhh, hht, hth, htt, thh, tht, tth and each point has a probability of 17.

The probability of having exactly 2 heads is 37.

Thus, the probability of one tail when there were more heads than tails is 34, the probability of all tails when two heads did not appear in succession is 15, the probability that two coins were in succession were alike, when the coins did not all fall alike is 23, the probability that the difference of number of heads and tails is 1 is 23, the probability of exactly two heads when there was at least one head is 37.

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