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Chapter 20: Problem 31

Briefly describe the Meissner effect.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Question: Briefly describe the Meissner effect in superconductors. Answer: The Meissner effect is a phenomenon observed in superconductors, where they expel all magnetic fields from their interior when transitioning to their superconducting state below the critical temperature. This occurs due to the generation of a surface current that creates an opposing magnetic field, effectively canceling out any magnetic field within the superconductor. It demonstrates the unique properties of superconductors and their distinction from regular conductors.

Step by step solution

01

Define Superconductor

A superconductor is a material that has zero electrical resistance and expels all magnetic fields from its interior when cooled below a certain temperature called the critical temperature.
02

Explain the Meissner Effect

The Meissner effect is a phenomenon observed in superconductors, where a superconductor will expel all magnetic fields from its interior as it transitions to its superconducting state below the critical temperature. This occurs because the superconductor generates a surface current that creates a magnetic field opposite to the applied external magnetic field, which effectively cancels out any magnetic field within the superconductor body.
03

Describe the Importance of the Meissner Effect

The Meissner effect is critical in demonstrating the unique properties of superconductors and differentiating them from regular conductors. This phenomenon demonstrates that a superconductor in its superconducting state essentially becomes a perfect diamagnetic material, where it completely excludes magnetic fields from its interior.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A ferromagnetic material has a remanence of \(1.0\) tesla and a coercivity of \(15,000 \mathrm{~A} / \mathrm{m}\). Saturation is achieved at a magnetic field strength of \(25,000 \mathrm{~A} / \mathrm{m}\), at which the flux density is \(1.25\) teslas. Using these data, sketch the entire hysteresis curve in the range \(H=-25,000\) to \(+25,000 \mathrm{~A} / \mathrm{m}\). Be sure to scale and label both coordinate axes.

Cite the differences between type I and type II superconductors.

Assume there exists some hypothetical metal that exhibits ferromagnetic behavior and that has (1) a simple cubic crystal structure (Figure 3.3), (2) an atomic radius of \(0.125 \mathrm{~nm}\), and (3) a saturation flux density of \(0.85\) tesla. Determine the number of Bohr magnetons per atom for this material

A coil of wire \(0.25 \mathrm{~m}\) long and having 400 turns carries a current of \(15 \mathrm{~A}\). (a) What is the magnitude of the magnetic field strength \(H ?\) (b) Compute the flux density \(B\) if the coil is in a vacuum. (c) Compute the flux density inside a bar of chromium positioned within the coil. The susceptibility for chromium is given in Table \(20.2\). (d) Compute the magnitude of the magnetization \(M\)

The formula for samarium iron garnet \(\left(\mathrm{Sm}_{3} \mathrm{Fe}_{5} \mathrm{O}_{12}\right)\) may be written in the form \(\mathrm{Sm}_{3}^{c} \mathrm{Fe}_{2}^{a} \mathrm{Fe}_{3}^{d} \mathrm{O}_{12}\), where the superscripts \(a, c\), and \(d\) represent different sites on which the \(\mathrm{Sm}^{3+}\) and \(\mathrm{Fe}^{3+}\) ions are located. The spin magnetic moments for the \(\mathrm{Sm}^{3+}\) and \(\mathrm{Fe}^{3+}\) ions positioned in the \(a\) and \(c\) sites are oriented parallel to one another and antiparallel to the \(\mathrm{Fe}^{3+}\) ions in \(d\) sites. Compute the number of Bohr magnetons associated with each \(\mathrm{Sm}^{3+}\) ion, given the following information: (1) each unit cell consists of eight formula \(\left(\mathrm{Sm}_{3} \mathrm{Fe}_{5} \mathrm{O}_{12}\right)\) units; (2) the unit cell is cubic with an edge length of \(1.2529 \mathrm{~nm} ;\) (3) the saturation magnetization for this material is \(1.35 \times 10^{5} \mathrm{~A} / \mathrm{m} ;\) and (4) there are 5 Bohr magnetons associated with each \(\mathrm{Fe}^{3+}\) ion.
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