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Chapter 15: Problem 9

(a) Contrast the manner in which stress relaxation and viscoelastic creep tests are conducted. (b) For each of these tests, cite the experimental parameter of interest and how it is determined.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: Stress relaxation and viscoelastic creep tests are both methods used to examine the viscoelastic behavior of materials. In a stress relaxation test, a constant strain is applied to the material, and the stress required to maintain this strain is measured as a function of time. The experimental parameter of interest is the stress relaxation modulus, determined by measuring the stress in the material over time at a constant strain and plotting it as a function of time. In a viscoelastic creep test, a constant stress is applied to the material, and the strain that occurs as a result is measured as a function of time. The experimental parameter of interest is the creep compliance, determined by measuring the strain in the material over time at a constant stress and plotting it as a function of time. The main difference between these tests is the variable that remains constant (strain for stress relaxation tests and stress for viscoelastic creep tests).

Step by step solution

01

(Part a: Defining Stress Relaxation and Viscoelastic Creep Tests)

Stress relaxation and viscoelastic creep tests are both methods used to examine the viscoelastic behavior of materials. Stress Relaxation Test: In a stress relaxation test, a constant strain (deformation) is applied to the material and the stress (force) required to maintain this strain is measured as a function of time. Viscoelastic Creep Test: In a viscoelastic creep test, a constant stress (force) is applied to the material and the strain (deformation) that occurs as a result of this applied stress is measured as a function of time. The main difference between these tests is the variable that remains constant: in stress relaxation tests, strain is kept constant, while in viscoelastic creep tests, stress is kept constant.
02

(Part a: Contrasting the Manner of Conducting Tests)

In both tests, a sample of the material is subjected to an applied force. However, the tests are conducted differently: Stress Relaxation Test: 1. A constant strain is applied to the material. 2. The stress required to maintain that strain is measured over time. 3. The stress is allowed to relax (decrease) over time under constant strain. 4. The relationship between stress and time is recorded and analyzed. Viscoelastic Creep Test: 1. A constant stress is applied to the material. 2. The strain resulting from the applied stress is measured over time. 3. The material is allowed to deform (creep) over time under constant stress. 4. The relationship between strain and time is recorded and analyzed.
03

(Part b: Experimental Parameters for Stress Relaxation Test)

In a stress relaxation test, the experimental parameter of interest is the stress relaxation modulus, which represents the stress required to maintain a constant strain as a function of time. It is determined by measuring the stress in the material over time at a constant strain and then plotting the stress relaxation modulus as a function of time.
04

(Part b: Experimental Parameters for Viscoelastic Creep Test)

In a viscoelastic creep test, the experimental parameter of interest is the creep compliance, which represents the strain in the material as a function of time under a constant stress. It is determined by measuring the strain in the material over time at a constant stress and then plotting the creep compliance as a function of time.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

List two important characteristics for polymers that are to be used in fiber applications.

For each of the following pairs of polymers, plot and label schematic stress- strain curves on the same graph [i.e., make separate plots for parts (a) to \((\mathrm{c})]\) (a) Polyisoprene having a number-average molecular weight of \(100,000 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mol}\) and \(10 \%\) of available sites crosslinked; polyisoprene having a numberaverage molecular weight of \(100,000 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mol}\) and \(20 \%\) of available sites crosslinked (b) Syndiotactic polypropylene having a weightaverage molecular weight of \(100,000 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mol}\); atactic polypropylene having a weight- average molecular weight of \(75,000 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mol}\) (c) Branched polyethylene having a numberaverage molecular weight of \(90,000 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mol}\); heavily crosslinked polyethylene having a number- average molecular weight of \(90,000 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mol}\)

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