Chapter 15: Problem 37
List two important characteristics for polymers that are to be used in fiber applications.
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Chapter 15: Problem 37
List two important characteristics for polymers that are to be used in fiber applications.
These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.
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Briefly explain how each of the following influences the tensile modulus of a semicrystalline polymer and why: (a) molecular weight (b) degree of crystallinity (c) deformation by drawing (d) annealing of an undeformed material (e) annealing of a drawn material
For each of the following pairs of polymers, plot and label schematic stress- strain curves on the same graph [i.e., make separate plots for parts (a) to \((\mathrm{c})]\) (a) Polyisoprene having a number-average molecular weight of \(100,000 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mol}\) and \(10 \%\) of available sites crosslinked; polyisoprene having a numberaverage molecular weight of \(100,000 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mol}\) and \(20 \%\) of available sites crosslinked (b) Syndiotactic polypropylene having a weightaverage molecular weight of \(100,000 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mol}\); atactic polypropylene having a weight- average molecular weight of \(75,000 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mol}\) (c) Branched polyethylene having a numberaverage molecular weight of \(90,000 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mol}\); heavily crosslinked polyethylene having a number- average molecular weight of \(90,000 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mol}\)
Cite five important characteristics for polymers that are to be used in thin- film applications.
On the basis of the curves in Figure \(15.5\), sketch schematic strain-time plots for the following polystyrene materials at the specified temperatures: (a) Crystalline at \(70^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) (b) Amorphous at \(180^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) (c) Crosslinked at \(180^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) (d) Amorphous at \(100^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\).
For some viscoelastic polymers that are subjected to stress relaxation tests, the stress decays with time according to $$ \sigma(t)=\sigma(0) \exp \left(-\frac{t}{\tau}\right) $$ where \(\sigma(t)\) and \(\sigma(0)\) represent the time-dependent and initial (i.e., time = 0 ) stresses, respectively, and \(t\) and \(\tau\) denote elapsed time and the relaxation time, respectively; \(\tau\) is a time-independent constant characteristic of the material. A specimen of a viscoelastic polymer whose stress relaxation obeys Equation \(15.10\) was suddenly pulled in tension to a measured strain of \(0.5 ;\) the stress necessary to maintain this constant strain was measured as a function of time. Determine \(E_{r}(10)\) for this material if the initial stress level was \(3.5 \mathrm{MPa}\) (500 psi), which dropped to \(0.5 \mathrm{MPa}\) (70 psi) after \(30 \mathrm{~s}\).
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