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Chapter 15: Problem 37

List two important characteristics for polymers that are to be used in fiber applications.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: Strength and flexibility are two crucial characteristics for polymers used in fiber applications. Strength allows the polymer material to withstand mechanical stresses, while flexibility enables it to be spun into fibers and woven into various products.

Step by step solution

01

Characteristic 1: Strength

One crucial characteristic for polymers used in fiber applications is their strength. The polymer material must be strong enough to withstand the mechanical stresses encountered in the production process and during use to maintain its shape and integrity.
02

Characteristic 2: Flexibility

Another essential characteristic is flexibility. Polymers used in fiber applications need to be flexible enough to be spun into fibers and woven into textile materials without breaking or losing their properties. This flexibility allows for a greater range of applications, such as clothing, rope, and other products.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

For some viscoelastic polymers that are subjected to stress relaxation tests, the stress decays with time according to $$ \sigma(t)=\sigma(0) \exp \left(-\frac{t}{\tau}\right) $$ where \(\sigma(t)\) and \(\sigma(0)\) represent the timedependent and initial (i.e., time \(=0\) ) stresses, respectively, and \(t\) and \(\tau\) denote elapsed time and the relaxation time; \(\tau\) is a timeindependent constant characteristic of the material. A specimen of a viscoelastic polymer whose stress relaxation obeys Equation \(15.10\) was suddenly pulled in tension to a measured strain of \(0.6\); the stress necessary to maintain this constant strain was measured as a function of time. Determine \(E_{r}(10)\) for this material if the initial stress level was \(2.76\) MPa (400 psi), which dropped to \(1.72 \mathrm{MPa}\) (250 psi) after \(60 \mathrm{~s}\).

Normal butane and isobutane have boiling temperatures of \(-0.5\) and \(-12.3^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) (31.1 and \(\left.9.9^{\circ} \mathrm{F}\right)\), respectively. Briefly explain this behavior on the basis of their molecular structures, as presented in Section 14.2.

Which of the following polyethylene thin films would have the better mechanical characteristics: (1) formed by blowing, or (2) formed by extrusion and then rolled? Why?

The tensile strength and number-average molecular weight for two polyethylene materials are as follows: \begin{tabular}{cc} \hline Tensile Strength (MPa) & Number-Average Molecular Weight \((\mathrm{g} / \mathbf{m o l})\) \\ \hline 85 & 12,700 \\ 150 & 28,500 \\ \hline \end{tabular} Estimate the number-average molecular weight that is required to give a tensile strength of \(195 \mathrm{MPa}\).

For each of the following pairs of polymers, do the following: (1) state whether it is possible to decide whether one polymer has a higher tensile strength than the other; (2) if this is possible, note which has the higher tensile strength and then cite the reason(s) for your choice; and (3) if it is not possible to decide, then state why. (a) Syndiotactic polystyrene having a numberaverage molecular weight of \(600,000 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mol}\); atactic polystyrene having a number-average molecular weight of \(500,000 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mol}\) (b) Random acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer with \(10 \%\) of possible sites crosslinked; block acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer with \(5 \%\) of possible sites crosslinked (d) Network polyester; lightly branched polypropylene
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