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Chapter 20: Problem 61

Needles \(N_{1}, N_{2}\) and \(N_{3}\) are made of a ferro-magnetie, a para- magnetic and a dia-magnetic substance respectively. A magnet when brought close to them will (a) attract \(N_{1}\) strongly, \(N_{2}\) weakly and repel \(N_{1}\) weakly (b) attract \(N_{1}\) strongly, but repel \(N_{1}\) and \(N_{3}\) weakly (c) attract all three of them (d) attract \(N_{1}\) and \(N_{2}\) strongly but repel \(N_{1}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) attract \(N_1\) strongly, \(N_2\) weakly, and repel \(N_3\) weakly.

Step by step solution

01

Understand Ferro-magnetic Materials

Ferro-magnetic materials like iron have a strong attraction to magnets. They can become permanently magnetized themselves and exhibit strong magnetic properties. Thus, when a magnet is brought near a ferro-magnetic needle, it will be strongly attracted.
02

Understand Para-magnetic Materials

Para-magnetic materials are weakly attracted to magnets. This happens because of their unpaired electrons that cause a small magnetic dipole moment which aligns slightly in the presence of an external magnetic field. Hence, when a magnet approaches a paramagnetic needle, it will experience a weak attraction.
03

Understand Dia-magnetic Materials

Dia-magnetic substances are generally repelled by magnets. These materials induce a small magnetic field in the opposite direction to the external magnetic field due to paired electrons, resulting in a weak repulsion when near a magnet.
04

Apply Understanding to the Options

Given that needle \(N_1\) is ferro-magnetic, it will be strongly attracted. Needle \(N_2\), being paramagnetic, will be weakly attracted. Needle \(N_3\) is diamagnetic and will be weakly repelled. Match these observations with the given options in the question.
05

Identify the Correct Answer

The option (a), 'attract \(N_1\) strongly, \(N_2\) weakly and repel \(N_3\) weakly', matches the behavior described for ferro-magnetic, paramagnetic, and diamagnetic substances respectively.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Ferro-magnetic materials
Ferro-magnetic materials are fascinating substances that exhibit strong magnetic properties. The most well-known example of a ferro-magnetic material is iron, but others include cobalt and nickel. These materials have unpaired electrons whose spins align in a common direction when subjected to a magnetic field. This alignment creates a strong net magnetic field in the material itself.

One key feature of ferro-magnetic materials is their ability to retain magnetism even after the external magnetic field is removed. This phenomenon is due to the alignment of magnetic domains within the material. Because of this inherent property, ferro-magnetic materials find extensive use in everyday applications such as making permanent magnets, transformers, and magnetic storage devices.

When you bring a magnet close to a ferro-magnetic material, it will be strongly attracted. This strong attraction is easy to observe and is a simple way to test if a material is ferro-magnetic.
Para-magnetic materials
Para-magnetic materials react differently compared to ferro-magnetic substances. These materials are weakly attracted to magnetic fields. This behavior results from the presence of unpaired electrons in their atomic structure which create a small magnetic dipole moment. While these dipoles align with an external magnetic field, they do not align as strongly as in ferro-magnetic materials.

Common examples of para-magnetic materials include aluminum, platinum, and certain metal alloys. The weak attraction observed in para-magnetic materials means they cannot retain magnetism outside of an external field. They will lose any magnetism they have as soon as the field is removed.

Another interesting point is that in para-magnetic materials, the alignment of magnetic moments is temporary and dependent on the strength of the applied magnetic field. Hence, when a magnet approaches a para-magnetic material, it will only be weakly attracted. This effect is generally not as noticeable as the attraction seen in ferro-magnetic materials.
Dia-magnetic materials
Dia-magnetic materials are quite unique in response to magnetic fields. These materials are generally repelled by a magnet. This behavior is due to the paired electrons in their atomic structure. When exposed to a magnetic field, these electrons create small currents that produce a magnetic field opposite to the applied one.

Although all materials have some dia-magnetic property, it is often so weak that it can be overwhelmed by stronger magnetic effects. However, materials like bismuth and graphite exhibit stronger dia-magnetism, which is sometimes used in specific scientific applications.

The repulsion seen in dia-magnetic materials is much weaker compared to the attraction in ferro- or para-magnetic materials. In practical terms, if you bring a magnet near a dia-magnetic substance, it will experience a weak repulsion. This makes dia-magnetic materials relatively less affected by magnetic fields compared to para- and ferro-magnetic substances.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A horizontal circular loop carries a current that looks anti-clockwise when viewed from above. It is replaced by an equivalent magnetic dipole \(N \cdot S\). Which of the following is true? (a) The line \(N\)-S should be along a diameter of the loop (b) The line \(N\) - should be perpendicular to the plane of the loop (c) South pole should be below the loop (d) North pole should be below the loop

Assertion-Reason type. Each of these contains two Statements: Statement 1 (Assertion), Statement II (Reason). Each of these questions also has four alternative choice, only one of which is correct. You have to select the correct choices from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) given below (a) If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is correct explanation of the Assertion. (b) If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not correct explanation of the Assertion. (c) If Assertion is true but Reason is false. (d) If Assertion is false but the Reason is true. Assertion An iron bar magnet is heated to \(1000^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and then cooled in a magnetic field in free space. It does not retain its magnetism. Reason Only ferro-magnets can show hysteresis.

A bar magnet has a magnetic moment equal to \(5 \times 10^{-5} \mathrm{~Wb}-\mathrm{m} .\) It is suspended in a magnetic field which has a magnetic induetion \(B\) equal to \(8 \pi \times 10^{-4} \mathrm{~T}\). The magnet vibrates with a period of vibration equal to 15 s. The moment of inertia of magnet is (a) \(4.54 \times 10^{4} \mathrm{~kg}-\mathrm{m}^{2}\) (b) \(4.54 \times 10^{-5} \mathrm{~kg}-\mathrm{m}^{2}\) (c) \(4.54 \times 10^{-4} \mathrm{~kg}-\mathrm{m}^{2}\) (d) \(4.54 \times 10^{5} \mathrm{~kg}-\mathrm{m}^{2}\)

The magnetic needle of a tangent galvanometer is deflected at an angle \(30^{\circ}\) due to a magnet. The horizontal component of earth's magnetic field \(0.34 \times 10^{-4} \mathrm{~T}\) is along the plane of the coil. The magnetic intensity is (a) \(1.96 \times 10^{-4} \mathrm{~T}\) (b) \(1.96 \times 10^{4} \mathrm{~T}\) (c) \(1.96 \times 10^{-5} \mathrm{~T}\) (d) \(1.96 \times 10^{5} \mathrm{~T}\)

A magnet makes 5 oscillations per min in \(B=0.3 \times 10^{-4} \mathrm{~T}\). By what amount should the field be increased so that number of oscillations is 10 in the same time? (a) \(0.3 \times 10^{-4} \mathrm{~T}\) (b) \(0.6 \times 10^{-4} \mathrm{~T}\) (c) \(0.9 \times 10^{-4} \mathrm{~T}\) (d) \(1.2 \times 10^{-4} \mathrm{~T}\)
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