Chapter 6: Q25P (page 283)
Work out the matrix elements of construct the W matrix given in the text, for n = 2.
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Chapter 6: Q25P (page 283)
Work out the matrix elements of construct the W matrix given in the text, for n = 2.
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Starting with Equation 6.80, and using Equations 6.57, 6.61, 6.64, and 6.81, derive Equation 6.82.
Consider a particle of mass m that is free to move in a one-dimensional region of length L that closes on itself (for instance, a bead that slides frictionlessly on a circular wire of circumference L, as inProblem 2.46).
(a) Show that the stationary states can be written in the form
whereand the allowed energies areNotice that with the exception of the ground state (n = 0 ) 鈥 are all doubly degenerate.
(b) Now suppose we introduce the perturbation,where . (This puts a little 鈥渄imple鈥 in the potential at x = 0, as though we bent the wire slightly to make a 鈥渢rap鈥.) Find the first-order correction to , using Equation 6.27. Hint: To evaluate the integrals, exploit the fact that to extend the limits from after all, H鈥 is essentially zero outside .
(6.27).
(c) What are the 鈥済ood鈥 linear combinations ofand, for this problem? Show that with these states you get the first-order correction using Equation 6.9.
(6.9).
(d) Find a hermitian operator A that fits the requirements of the theorem, and show that the simultaneous Eigenstates ofand A are precisely the ones you used in (c).
For the harmonic oscillator, the allowed energies arewhererole="math" localid="1656044150836" is the classical frequency. Now suppose the spring constant increases slightly:(Perhaps we cool the spring, so it becomes less flexible.)
(a) Find the exact new energies (trivial, in this case). Expand your formula as a power series in, up to second order.
(b) Now calculate the first-order perturbation in the energy, using Equation 6.9. What ishere? Compare your result with part (a).
Hint: It is not necessary - in fact, it is not permitted - to calculate a single integral in doing this problem.
When an atom is placed in a uniform external electric field ,the energy levels are shifted-a phenomenon known as the Stark effect (it is the electrical analog to the Zeeman effect). In this problem we analyse the Stark effect for the n=1 and n=2 states of hydrogen. Let the field point in the z direction, so the potential energy of the electron is
Treat this as a perturbation on the Bohr Hamiltonian (Equation 6.42). (Spin is irrelevant to this problem, so ignore it, and neglect the fine structure.)
(a) Show that the ground state energy is not affected by this perturbation, in first order.
(b) The first excited state is 4-fold degenerate: Using degenerate perturbation theory, determine the first order corrections to the energy. Into how many levels does split?
(c) What are the "good" wave functions for part (b)? Find the expectation value of the electric dipole moment in each of these "good" states.Notice that the results are independent of the applied field-evidently hydrogen in its first excited state can carry a permanent electric dipole moment.
Suppose we perturb the infinite cubical well (Equation 6.30) by putting a delta function 鈥渂ump鈥 at the point
Find the first-order corrections to the energy of the ground state and the (triply degenerate) first excited states.
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