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The first term in Equation 9.25 comes from the eit/2, and the second from e-it/2.. Thus dropping the first term is formally equivalent to writing H^=(V/2)e-it, which is to say,

cbl-ihvba0tcos(t')ei0t'dt'=-iVba2h0tej(0+)t'+ej(0-)t'dt'=--iVba2hej(0+)t'-10++ej(0-)t'-10-(9.25).Hba'=Vba2e-it,Hab'=Vab2eit(9.29).

(The latter is required to make the Hamiltonian matrix hermitian鈥攐r, if you prefer, to pick out the dominant term in the formula analogous to Equation 9.25 forca(t). ) Rabi noticed that if you make this so-called rotating wave approximation at the beginning of the calculation, Equation 9.13 can be solved exactly, with no need for perturbation theory, and no assumption about the strength of the field.

c.a=-ihHab'e-i0tcb,c.b=-ihHba'e-i0tca,

(a) Solve Equation 9.13 in the rotating wave approximation (Equation 9.29), for the usual initial conditions: ca(0)=1,cb(0)=0. Express your results (ca(t)andcb(t))in terms of the Rabi flopping frequency,

r=12(-0)2+(Vab/h)2 (9.30).

(b) Determine the transition probability,Pab(t), and show that it never exceeds 1. Confirm that.

ca(t)2+cb(t)2=1.

(c) Check that Pab(t)reduces to the perturbation theory result (Equation 9.28) when the perturbation is 鈥渟mall,鈥 and state precisely what small means in this context, as a constraint on V.

Pab(t)=cb(t)2Vab2hsin20-t/20-2(9.28)

(d) At what time does the system first return to its initial state?


Short Answer

Expert verified

(a)cb(t)=-i2hrVbaei(0-)t/2sin(rt),=ei(-0)1/2cos(rt)+i0-20sin(rt)(b)ca2+cb2=cos2(rt)+0-202sin2(rt)+Vab2hr2sin2(rt).(c)Pab(t)=cb(t)2Vab2h2sin2(0-)t/2(0-)2(d)rt=t=/r.

Step by step solution

01

(a) Solving the equation 9.13 in wave rotating approximation

ca=-i2hVabeite-i0tcb;cb.=-i2hVbae-ite-i0tca

Differentiate the latter, and substitute in the former:

Cb=-iVba2hi(0-)ei(0-)tca+ei(0-)tca=i(0-)-iVba2hei(0-)tca-iVab2hei(0-)t-iVab2hei(0-)tcb=i(0-)cb-Vab22h2cb.d2cbdt2+i(-0)dcbdt+Vab22h2cb=0.Soluationoftheformcb=e位迟:2+i(0-)+Vab24h2=12-i(-0)-(-0)2-Vab2h2=i-(-0)2r,withr.Generalsoluation:cb(t)=Aei(-0)2+rt+Bei(-0)2+rt=e-i(-0)t/2Aei蝇rt+Be-i蝇rt,or,moreconveniently:cb(t)=e-i(-0)t/2Ccos(rt)+Dsin(rt).Butcb(0)=0soC=0cb(t)=Dei(0-)t/2sin(rt).cb=Di0-2ei(0-)t/2sinuncaught exception: Invalid chunk

in file: /var/www/html/integration/lib/com/wiris/plugin/impl/HttpImpl.class.php line 68
#0 /var/www/html/integration/lib/php/Boot.class.php(769): com_wiris_plugin_impl_HttpImpl_1(Object(com_wiris_plugin_impl_HttpImpl), NULL, 'http://www.wiri...', 'Invalid chunk') #1 /var/www/html/integration/lib/haxe/Http.class.php(532): _hx_lambda->execute('Invalid chunk') #2 /var/www/html/integration/lib/php/Boot.class.php(769): haxe_Http_5(true, Object(com_wiris_plugin_impl_HttpImpl), Object(com_wiris_plugin_impl_HttpImpl), Array, Object(haxe_io_BytesOutput), true, 'Invalid chunk') #3 /var/www/html/integration/lib/com/wiris/plugin/impl/HttpImpl.class.php(30): _hx_lambda->execute('Invalid chunk') #4 /var/www/html/integration/lib/haxe/Http.class.php(444): com_wiris_plugin_impl_HttpImpl->onError('Invalid chunk') #5 /var/www/html/integration/lib/haxe/Http.class.php(458): haxe_Http->customRequest(true, Object(haxe_io_BytesOutput), Object(sys_net_Socket), NULL) #6 /var/www/html/integration/lib/com/wiris/plugin/impl/HttpImpl.class.php(43): haxe_Http->request(true) #7 /var/www/html/integration/lib/com/wiris/plugin/impl/RenderImpl.class.php(268): com_wiris_plugin_impl_HttpImpl->request(true) #8 /var/www/html/integration/lib/com/wiris/plugin/impl/RenderImpl.class.php(307): com_wiris_plugin_impl_RenderImpl->showImage('b21ce702a20675c...', NULL, Object(PhpParamsProvider)) #9 /var/www/html/integration/createimage.php(17): com_wiris_plugin_impl_RenderImpl->createImage('" width="0" height="0" role="math">Cb=-iVba2hi(0-)ei(0-)tca+ei(0-)tca=i(0-)-iVba2hei(0-)tca-iVab2hei(0-)t-iVab2hei(0-)tcb=i(0-)cb-Vab22h2cb.d2cbdt2+i(-0)dcbdt+Vab22h2cb=0.Soluationoftheformcb=e位迟:2+i(0-)+Vab24h2=12-i(-0)-(-0)2-Vab2h2=i-(-0)2r,withr.Generalsoluation:cb(t)=Aei(-0)2+rt+Bei(-0)2+rt=e-i(-0)t/2Aei蝇rt+Be-i蝇rt,or,moreconveniently:cb(t)=e-i(-0)t/2Ccos(rt)+Dsin(rt).Butcb(0)=0soC=0cb(t)=Dei(0-)t/2sin(rt).cb=Di0-2ei(0-)t/2sin(rt)+rei(-0)t/2cos(rt)uncaught exception: Invalid chunk

in file: /var/www/html/integration/lib/com/wiris/plugin/impl/HttpImpl.class.php line 68
#0 /var/www/html/integration/lib/php/Boot.class.php(769): com_wiris_plugin_impl_HttpImpl_1(Object(com_wiris_plugin_impl_HttpImpl), NULL, 'http://www.wiri...', 'Invalid chunk') #1 /var/www/html/integration/lib/haxe/Http.class.php(532): _hx_lambda->execute('Invalid chunk') #2 /var/www/html/integration/lib/php/Boot.class.php(769): haxe_Http_5(true, Object(com_wiris_plugin_impl_HttpImpl), Object(com_wiris_plugin_impl_HttpImpl), Array, Object(haxe_io_BytesOutput), true, 'Invalid chunk') #3 /var/www/html/integration/lib/com/wiris/plugin/impl/HttpImpl.class.php(30): _hx_lambda->execute('Invalid chunk') #4 /var/www/html/integration/lib/haxe/Http.class.php(444): com_wiris_plugin_impl_HttpImpl->onError('Invalid chunk') #5 /var/www/html/integration/lib/haxe/Http.class.php(458): haxe_Http->customRequest(true, Object(haxe_io_BytesOutput), Object(sys_net_Socket), NULL) #6 /var/www/html/integration/lib/com/wiris/plugin/impl/HttpImpl.class.php(43): haxe_Http->request(true) #7 /var/www/html/integration/lib/com/wiris/plugin/impl/RenderImpl.class.php(268): com_wiris_plugin_impl_HttpImpl->request(true) #8 /var/www/html/integration/lib/com/wiris/plugin/impl/RenderImpl.class.php(307): com_wiris_plugin_impl_RenderImpl->showImage('46fca5c470c333f...', NULL, Object(PhpParamsProvider)) #9 /var/www/html/integration/createimage.php(17): com_wiris_plugin_impl_RenderImpl->createImage('" width="0" height="0" role="math">Cb=-iVba2hi(0-)ei(0-)tca+ei(0-)tca=i(0-)-iVba2hei(0-)tca-iVab2hei(0-)t-iVab2hei(0-)tcb=i(0-)cb-Vab22h2cb.d2cbdt2+i(-0)dcbdt+Vab22h2cb=0.Soluationoftheformcb=e位迟:2+i(0-)+Vab24h2=12-i(-0)-(-0)2-Vab2h2=i-(-0)2r,withr.Generalsoluation:cb(t)=Aei(-0)2+rt+Bei(-0)2+rt=e-i(-0)t/2Aei蝇rt+Be-i蝇rt,or,more

conveniently:cb(t)=e-i(-0)t/2Ccos(rt)+Dsin(rt).Butcb(0)=0soC=0cb(t)=Dei(0-)t/2sin(rt).cb=Di0-2ei(0-)t/2sin(rt)+rei(-0)t/2cos(rt)ca(t)=i2hVbaei(0-)tcb=i2hVbaei(0-)t/2Di0-2sin(rt)+rcos(rt).Butca1=i2hVbaD蝇r,orD=-iVba2hrcb(t)=-i2hrVbaei(0-)t/2sin(rt),ca(t)=ei(-0)t/2cos(rt)+i0-2sin(rt).

02

(b) Determining the transition probability

Cb=-iVba2hi(0-)ei(0-)tca+ei(0-)tca=i(0-)-iVba2hei(0-)tca-iVab2hei(0-)t-iVab2hei(0-)tcb=i(0-)cb-Vab22h2cb.d2cbdt2+i(-0)dcbdt+Vab22h2cb=0.Soluationoftheformcb=e位迟:2+i(0-)+Vab24h2=12-i(-0)-(-0)2-Vab2h2=i-(-0)2r,withr.Generalsoluation:cb(t)=Aei(-0)2+rt+Bei(-0)2+rt=e-i(-0)t/2Aei蝇rt+Be-i蝇rt,or,moreconveniently:cb(t)=e-i(-0)t/2Ccos(rt)+Dsin(rt).Butcb(0)=0soC=0cb(t)=Dei(0-)t/2sin(rt).cb=Di0-2ei(0-)t/2sin(rt)+rei(-0)t/2cos(rt)uncaught exception: Invalid chunk

in file: /var/www/html/integration/lib/com/wiris/plugin/impl/HttpImpl.class.php line 68
#0 /var/www/html/integration/lib/php/Boot.class.php(769): com_wiris_plugin_impl_HttpImpl_1(Object(com_wiris_plugin_impl_HttpImpl), NULL, 'http://www.wiri...', 'Invalid chunk') #1 /var/www/html/integration/lib/haxe/Http.class.php(532): _hx_lambda->execute('Invalid chunk') #2 /var/www/html/integration/lib/php/Boot.class.php(769): haxe_Http_5(true, Object(com_wiris_plugin_impl_HttpImpl), Object(com_wiris_plugin_impl_HttpImpl), Array, Object(haxe_io_BytesOutput), true, 'Invalid chunk') #3 /var/www/html/integration/lib/com/wiris/plugin/impl/HttpImpl.class.php(30): _hx_lambda->execute('Invalid chunk') #4 /var/www/html/integration/lib/haxe/Http.class.php(444): com_wiris_plugin_impl_HttpImpl->onError('Invalid chunk') #5 /var/www/html/integration/lib/haxe/Http.class.php(458): haxe_Http->customRequest(true, Object(haxe_io_BytesOutput), Object(sys_net_Socket), NULL) #6 /var/www/html/integration/lib/com/wiris/plugin/impl/HttpImpl.class.php(43): haxe_Http->request(true) #7 /var/www/html/integration/lib/com/wiris/plugin/impl/RenderImpl.class.php(268): com_wiris_plugin_impl_HttpImpl->request(true) #8 /var/www/html/integration/lib/com/wiris/plugin/impl/RenderImpl.class.php(307): com_wiris_plugin_impl_RenderImpl->showImage('46fca5c470c333f...', NULL, Object(PhpParamsProvider)) #9 /var/www/html/integration/createimage.php(17): com_wiris_plugin_impl_RenderImpl->createImage('" width="0" height="0" role="math">Pab(t)=cb(t)2=Vab2hr2sin2(rt).Thelargestthisgets(whwnsin2=1whensin2=1)isPab(t)=cb(t)2=Vab2hr2sin2(rt).Thelargestthisgets(whwnsin2=1whensin2=1)isVab2/h24r2Andthedenominatorexceedsthenumerator,soP>1(and1onlyif=0)ca2+cb2=cos2(rt)+0-2r2sin2(rt)+Vab2hr2sin2(rt).=cos2(rt)+(=0)2+(Vab/h)24r2sin2(rt)=cos2(rt)+sin2(rt)=1

03

:(c) Checking Pa→b(t)reduces to perturbation theory

If

Vab2h2(-0)2,thenr12-0,andPabVab2h2sin2-02t(-0)2Pab(t)=cb(t)2Vab2h2sin2-0)t/2(-0)2

04

(d) At time the system first returns to its initial stage

rt=t=/r.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

An electron in the n=3,l=0,m=0state of hydrogen decays by a sequence of (electric dipole) transitions to the ground state.

(a) What decay routes are open to it? Specify them in the following way:

|300|nlm|n'l'm'|100.

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Calculate the lifetime (in seconds) for each of the four n = 2 states of hydrogen. Hint: You鈥檒l need to evaluate matrix elements of the form <100x200>,<100y211>, and so on. Remember that role="math" localid="1658303993600" x=r蝉颈苍胃肠辞蝉,y=r蝉颈苍胃蝉颈苍andz=r肠辞蝉胃. Most of these integrals are zero, so inspect them closely before you start calculating. Answer: 1.6010-9seconds for all except role="math" localid="1658304185040" 200, which is infinite.

Show that the spontaneous emission rate (Equation 9.56) for a transition from n,lton',l' in hydrogen is

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(The atom starts out with a specific value of m, and it goes toamyof the state鈥檚 mconsistent with the selection rules:m'=m+1,m or m -1 . Notice that the answer is independent of m .) Hint: First calculate all the nonzero matrix elements of x,y,and z between role="math" localid="1658313179553" |n|m>andn'l'm'>for the case . From these, determine the quantity

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V(x)={V0,0xa/20,a/2<xa;,otherwise

where V0E1After a time T, the brick is removed, and the energy of the particle is measured. Find the probability (in first-order perturbation theory) that the result is nowE2 .

The half-life of (t1/2)an excited state is the time it would take for half the atoms in a large sample to make a transition. Find the relation betweenrole="math" localid="1658300900358" t1/2andT(the 鈥渓ife time鈥 of the state).

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