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Because the three-dimensional harmonic oscillator potential (Equation 4.188)is spherically symmetric, the Schrödinger equation can be handled by separation of variables in spherical coordinates, as well as cartesian coordinates. Use the power series method to solve the radial equation. Find the recursion formula for the coefficients, and determine the allowed energies. Check your answer against Equation4.189.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The allowed energy isN+32hÓ¬.

Step by step solution

01

Definition of matrix.

A matrix is a rectangular array or table of numbers, symbols, or expressions that are organised in rows and columns to represent a mathematical object or an attribute of that item.

02

The recursion formula for the coefficients and the allowed energies.

The general radial equation is

ddrr2dRdr-2mr2h2Vr-ETakeur=rRrR=urr⇒dRdr=rdudr-u1r2⇒ddrr2dRdr=rd2udr2Equationbecomes,-h22md2udr2+V+h22mII+1r2u=EuTheaboveequationbecomes-h22mmÓ¬hd2u»åξ2+12mÓ¬2hmӬξ2+h22mmÓ¬hII+1ξ2u=Eu-hÓ¬2d2u»åξ2+12hӬξ2+hÓ¬2II+1ξ2u=Eud2u»åξ2+ξ2+I1+1ξ2u=2EhÓ¬u

Letk=2EhÓ¬-d2u»åξ2+ξ2+II+1ξ2-ku=0d2u»åξ2=ξ2+II+1ξ2-ku...................2Atlargeξ,thelasttwotermscanbeneglectedcomparedtothefirstterm⇒d2u»åξ2=ξ2uToeliminatethedivergence,thesecondtermshouldbezero.Atξ→0,equation(2)becomes⇒d2u»åξ2=II+1ξ2uThegeneralsolutionisuξ=°äξI+1+¶Ùξ-1However,atξ=0,thesecondtermblowsup,Toremovedivergence,takeD=0⇒uξ=°äξt+1

Thesolutionforequation(2)isuξ=vξe-ξ22ξf+1Substitutingintoequation(2)givesV"+2V'I+1ξ-ξ+k-2I-3v=0Tosolvethisbytheseriessolutionmethod,Letvξ=∑n=0∞anξnv'ξ=∑n=1∞nanξn-1v"ξ=∑n=2∞nn-1anξn-2

Usingtheseexpressions,equation(3)becomes∑n=2∞nn-1anξn-2+2I+1ξ-ξ∑n=1∞nanξn-1+k-21-3∑n=0∞anξn=0∑n=2∞nn-1anξn-2+2I+1∑n=1∞nanξn-2-2∑n=1∞nanξn+k-21-3∑n=0∞anξn=0Changingthedummyindextoproperpower,⇒∑n=0∞nn+2n+1an+2ξn+2I+1∑n=0∞n+2an+2ξn-2∑n=0∞nanξn+k-21-3∑n=0∞anξn=0

Bytakinga1=0inthesecondterm,weget⇒∑n-0∞n+2n+1+2I+2an+2ξn=∑n-0∞2n+2I+3-kanξnComparingthecofficients,n+2n+2I+3an+2=2n+2I+3-kanan+2=2n+2I+3-kn+2n+2I+3an

Toterminatetheseries,themaximumofnshouldexistafterwhichthecofficientsbecome0.Suchthatan+2=02nmax+2I+3-k=0k=2nmax+2I+3Fromk=2EhÓ¬,E=12hÓ¬kEn=12hÓ¬2nmax+2I+3nmax+I=nEn=hÓ¬22n+3=hÓ¬n+32En=n+32hÓ¬

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Most popular questions from this chapter

An electron is at rest in an oscillating magnetic field

B=B0cos(Ó¬t)k^

whereB0 andÓ¬ are constants.

(a) Construct the Hamiltonian matrix for this system.

(b) The electron starts out (at t=0 ) in the spin-up state with respect to the x-axis (that is:χ(0)=χ+(x)). Determine X(t)at any subsequent time. Beware: This is a time-dependent Hamiltonian, so you cannot get in the usual way from stationary states. Fortunately, in this case you can solve the timedependent Schrödinger equation (Equation 4.162) directly.

(c) Find the probability of getting-h/2 , if you measure Sx. Answer:

sin2(γµþ02Ó¬sin(Ó¬t))

(d) What is the minimum field(B0) required to force a complete flip inSx ?

Use separation of variables in Cartesian coordinates to solve infinite cubical well

V(x,y,z)=0if x,y,z are all between 0 to a;

V(x,y,z)=∞Otherwise

a) Find the stationary states and the corresponding energies

b) Call the distinct energies E1,E2,E3,..in the order of increasing energy. Findlocalid="1658127758806" E1,E2,E3,E4,E5,E6determine their degeneracies (that is, the number of different states that share the same energy). Comment: In one dimension degenerate bound states do not occur but in three dimensions they are very common.

c) What is the degeneracy of E14 and why is this case interesting?

(a) Apply S-to|10⟩ (Equation4.177 ), and confirm that you get 2|1-1⟩

(b) Apply S±to[00⟩ (Equation 4.178), and confirm that you get zero.

(c) Show that |11⟩ and |1-1⟩ (Equation 4.177) are eigenstates of S2, with the appropriate eigenvalue

(a) If you measured the component of spin angular momentum along the x direction, at time t, what is the probability that you would get +h/2?

(b) Same question, but for the ycomponent.

(c) Same, for the z component.

A hydrogenic atom consists of a single electron orbiting a nucleus with Z protons. (Z=1 would be hydrogen itself,Z=2is ionized helium ,Z=3is doubly ionized lithium, and so on.) Determine the Bohr energies En(Z), the binding energyE1(Z), the Bohr radiusa(Z), and the Rydberg constant R(Z)for a hydrogenic atom. (Express your answers as appropriate multiples of the hydrogen values.) Where in the electromagnetic spectrum would the Lyman series fall, for Z=2and Z=3? Hint: There’s nothing much to calculate here— in the potential (Equation 4.52) Ze2, so all you have to do is make the same substitution in all the final results.

V(r)=-e24πo0˙1r (4.52).

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