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Chapter 38: Q3Q (page 1180)

According to the figure for Checkpoint 2, is the maximum kinetic energy of the ejected electrons greater for a target made of sodium or of potassium for a given frequency of incident light?

Short Answer

Expert verified

The maximum kinetic energy of the ejected electrons is greater for a target mode of potassium than one made of sodium.

Step by step solution

01

Introduction

When the electron changes levels, it decreases energy and the atom emits photons. The photon is emitted with the electron moving from a higher energy level to a lower energy level. The energy of the photon is the exact energy that is lost by the electron moving to its lower energy level.

02

Determine the Sun emits photons

Photons with a frequency greater than the threshold frequency have energy greater than the work function and electrons will be ejected.

Potassium is a chemical element with the symbol K and atomic number 19.

Potassium is a silvery-white metal that is soft enough to be cut with a knife with little force. Potassium metal reacts rapidly with atmospheric oxygen to form flaky white potassium peroxide in only seconds of exposure.

The number of ejected photoelectrons per second depends upon the intensity of light and the kinetic energy electrons upon the frequency of light.

Potassium has a smaller work function than sodium

So, the maximum kinetic energy of the ejected electrons is greater for a target mode of potassium than one made of sodium.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Consider a balloon filled with helium gas at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Calculate (a) the average de Broglie wavelength of the helium atoms and (b) the average distance between atoms under these conditions. The average kinetic energy of an atom is equal to 3/2kT, wherek is the Boltzmann constant. (c) Can the atoms be treated as particles under these conditions? Explain.

Question: You will find in Chapter 39 that electrons cannot move in definite orbits within atoms, like the planets in our solar system. To see why, let us try to 鈥渙bserve鈥� such an orbiting electron by using a light microscope to measure the electron鈥檚 presumed orbital position with a precision of, say, 10pm(a typical atom has a radius of about localid="1663132292844" 100pm). The wavelength of the light used in the microscope must then be about 10pm. (a) What would be the photon energy of this light? (b) How much energy would such a photon impart to an electron in a head-on collision? (c) What do these results tell you about the possibility of 鈥渧iewing鈥� an atomic electron at two or more points along its presumed orbital path? (Hint:The outer electrons of atomsare bound to the atom by energies of only a few electron-volts.)

A bullet of mass travels at1000m/s . Although the bullet is clearly too large to be treated as a matter wave, determine what Eq. 38-17 predicts for the de Broglie wavelength of the bullet at that speed.

Show that 螖E/E, the fractional loss of energy of a photon during a collision with a particle of mass m, is given by

螖EE=hf'mc2(1-cos蠒)
where E is the energy of the incident photon, f'is the frequency of the scattered photon, and 蠒is defined as in Fig. 38-5.

In a photoelectric experiment using a sodium surface, you find a stopping potential of 1.85 V for a wavelength of 300nm and a stopping potential of 0.820 V for a wavelength of 400 nm. From these data find (a) a value for the Planck constant, (b) the work function for sodium, and (c) the cutoff wavelength 位0 for sodium?
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