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A rocket that is in deep space and initially at rest relative to an inertial reference frame has a mass of 2.55×105kg, of which 1.81×105kgis fuel. The rocket engine is then fired for 250 swhile fuel is consumed at the rate of 480kg/s. The speed of the exhaust products relative to the rocket is. (a) What is the rocket’s thrust? After the 250 sfiring, what are (b) the mass and (c) the speed of the rocket?

Short Answer

Expert verified

a) The thrust of the rocket,T=1.57×106N

b) The final mass of rocket,Mf=1.35×105kg

c) The speed of the rocket,Vf=2.08km/s

Step by step solution

01

Listing the given quantities

The initial velocity of rocket isVi=0m/s.

The initial mass of rocket,Mi=2.55×105kg

The total mass of fuel is,Mfi=1.81×105kg

The rate of fuel consumption isR=dMdt=480kg/s.

The exhaust speed is calculated asVrel=3.27km/s=3.27×103m/s.

The time of burning fuel,t=250s

02

Understanding the concept of rocket equation

Here, we can use the first rocket equation to calculate the thrust of the rocket and second rocket equations to calculate the speed of rocket. The mass of rocket can be calculated by finding the mass of fuel burnt out.

Formula:

Vf-Vi=Vrel×InMiMfMa=RVrel

03

(a) Calculation of thrust of rocket

The first rocket equation is

RVrel=Ma

Applying Newton’s second law of motion, the net force or the thrust of rocket is

T=RVrel=480×3.27×103=1.57×106N.

Hence, the thrust of the rocket,T=1.57×106N

04

(b) Calculation of final mass of rocket

The rate of fuel consumption is

R=dMdt480kg/s

So, the mass of the fuel burned is given by,

Mfuel=R×t=480×250=1.20×105kg

So, the mass of rocket after 250 s is

Mf=Mi-Mfuel=2.55×105-1.20×105=1.35×105kg

Hence, the final mass of rocket,Mf=1.35×105kg

05

(c) Calculation of speed of rocket

The second rocket equation is

Vf-Vi=Vrel×InMiMf

Substituting the known values in this equation, we get

Vf-0=3.27×103×In2.55×1051.35×105=2.08×103m/sVf=2.08km/s

Hence, the speed of the rocket,Vf=2.08km/s

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