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(A correspondence principle problem) Estimate (a) the quantum number I for the orbital motion of Earth around the Sun and (b) the number of allowed orientations of the plane of Earth鈥檚 orbit. (c) Find min, the half-angle of the smallest cone that can be swept out by a perpendicular to Earth鈥檚 orbit as Earth revolves around the Sun.

Short Answer

Expert verified

a) The quantum number lfor the orbital motion of Earth around the Sun is 31074.

b) The number of allowed orientations of the plane of Earth鈥檚 orbit is 61074.

c) The half-angle of the smallest cone that can be swept out by a perpendicular to Earth鈥檚 orbit is 61074rad.

Step by step solution

01

The given data:

It is a correspondence problem with quantum numberI.

02

Understanding the concept of magnetic resonance:

Magnetic resonance, absorption or radiation by electrons or atomic nuclei in response to the use of other magnetic fields.

Using the concept of orbital angular momentum, get the relation and the value of the orbital angular quantum number. Now, using the concept of allowed orientation considering the orbital quantum number, define the allowed or possible electrons states for the magnetic quantum number. At last for the value of minimum half-angle, use the value of the component of angular component and the orbital angular momentum.

Formulas:

The magnitude of the orbital angular momentum,

L=II+1 鈥.. (1)

The magnitude of the z-component of the angular momentum,

Lz=mIHere,mI=-to+ 鈥.. (2)

The number of allowed orientations for the given number I ,

NI=2I+1 鈥.. (3)

The semi-classical angle between a vector and its component,

=cos-1LzL 鈥.. (4)

03

(a) Calculation of the quantum number:

The value of lsatisfies the equation (1) that is equation of the orbital angular momentum.

Thus, the value of the quantum number I for the orbital motion of Earth around the Sun is given using equation (1) as follows:

L=II+1I2=II=L=31074

Hence, the value of the quantum number is 31074.

04

(b) Calculation of the number of allowed orientations:

Using the concept and equation (3), the number of allowed orientations of the plane of Earth鈥檚 orbit as follows:

NI=2I+12I=231074=61074

Hence, the value of the number of orientations is 61074.

05

(c) Calculation of the half-angle of the smallest cone:

The equation (4) represents the semi-classical angle between the component of the angular momemtum and the angular momentum, which can further be simplified using equations (1) and (2) as follows:

肠辞蝉胃=mImaII+1=1II+11-12I=1-1231074

Now, the value of the half angle considering the half-angle approximations can be calculated as follows:

cosmin=1-2min21-10-746min=10-743=610-38rad

The correspondence principle requires that all the quantum effects vanish as.

In this case, is extremely small so the quantization effects are barely existent, with

min饾啅10-38rad0

Hence, the value of the half-angle of the smallest cone is 610-38rad.

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