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Chapter 26: Problem 10

If a current is passed through an unstretched spring, will the spring contract or expand? Explain.

Short Answer

Expert verified
A current flowing through an unstretched spring would cause it to expand due to the repelling magnetic fields generated by the current in each coil of the spring.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding how magnetic fields work

November 1820. It was then that the Danish scientist Hans Christian 脴rsted noticed that a compass needle was deflected whenever an electric current from a battery was switched on or off. This observation demonstrated the link between electric currents and magnetism, and thus electromagnetic fields are created whenever current passes through a wire. Moreover, the direction of the magnetic fields are such that if they can exert a force, they would move in a direction that is orthogonal (at a right angle) to the direction of current flow in the wire.
02

Apply acquired knowledge to the unstretched spring

Consider an unstretched spring to which current has been passed. As the current travels along the coil, it will generate a magnetic field around each segment of the wire. The wire acts as many small magnetized segments with their north and south poles. As a result of these magnetic fields, each coil or loop of the spring repels its adjacent coil since opposite poles repel each other.
03

Conclusion based on observations and knowledge

As a result of the orientation of these magnetic fields generated by the current through the spring's wire, each coil repels its adjacent coil. These repulsive forces acting upon each coil of the spring will cause the spring to expand, given that there is enough force to overcome any internal spring resistance. Therefore, passing current through an unstretched spring would cause it to expand, not contract.

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