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Chapter 18: Problem 2

What's the difference between heat and internal energy?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Heat is the energy in transition due to a temperature difference, whereas internal energy is the total energy contained in a system, including kinetic and potential energies of its particles.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the Concept of Heat

Heat is a form of energy transfer between two objects due to temperature difference. It is the energy in transit. Heat flows from the hotter object to the colder one until both reach the same temperature. The SI unit for heat is the Joule, although it is also often measured in calories or BTUs. Heat only exists during the energy transfer, unlike internal energy that always exists as long as matter exist.
02

Understand the Concept of Internal Energy

Internal energy is the sum of all the microscopic forms of energy of a system. It includes the kinetic and potential energies of the molecules or atoms making up an object, as well as other types of particle-level energy such as chemical energy or nuclear energy. It is a property of matter, so every system has some amount of internal energy that doesn't disappear even if there is no energy transfer.
03

Summarize the Difference

The difference between heat and internal energy is their relation to energy transfer: heat represents energy in transit, while internal energy represents total energy within a system. They are related because heat transfer changes a system's internal energy. However, the system's internal energy can change without heat transfer, such as when work is done on or by the system.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A research balloon is prepared for launch by pumping into it \(1.75 \times 10^{3} \mathrm{m}^{3}\) of helium gas at \(12^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and 1.00 atm pressure. It rises high into the atmosphere to where the pressure is only 0.340 atm. Assuming the balloon doesn't exchange significant heat with its surroundings, find (a) its volume and (b) its temperature at the higher altitude.

Volvo's B5340 engine, used in the V70 series cars, has compression ratio \(10.2,\) and the fuel-air mixture undergoes adiabatic compression with \(\gamma=1.4 .\) If air at \(320 \mathrm{K}\) and atmospheric pressure fills an engine cylinder at its maximum volume, what will be (a) the temperature and (b) the pressure at the point of maximum compression?

A gas undergoes an adiabatic compression during which its volume drops to half its original value. If the gas pressure increases by a factor of \(2.55,\) what's its specific-heat ratio \(\gamma ?\)

Find the rate of heat flow into a system whose internal energy is increasing at the rate of \(45 \mathrm{W}\), given that the system is doing work at the rate of \(165 \mathrm{W}\).

In what sense can a gas of diatomic molecules be considered an ideal gas, given that its molecules aren't point particles?
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