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Chapter 1: Problem 11

Electron-hole pain are produced by (a) recombination (b) thermal energy (c) ionization (d) doping

Short Answer

Expert verified
Electron-hole pairs are produced by \(b\) thermal energy, as it breaks the covalent bonds in a semiconductor, creating both an electron and a hole.

Step by step solution

01

Option (a): Recombination

Recombination is the process in which an electron recombines with a hole, releasing energy in the form of a photon or heat. This process reduces the number of electron-hole pairs, not create them. So, option (a) is incorrect.
02

Option (b): Thermal Energy

Thermal energy is capable of breaking the covalent bonds in a semiconductor. When a bond is broken, an electron is released, and a hole is left behind. In this case, an electron-hole pair is created due to the presence of thermal energy. This is a major reason for electron-hole pair generation in semiconductors. So, option (b) is correct.
03

Option (c): Ionization

Ionization refers to the process where an electron is removed from an atom or a molecule, leaving behind a positively charged ion. Although ionization can cause generation of free electrons, it is not directly related to the creation of electron-hole pairs in semiconductors. Option (c) is incorrect.
04

Option (d): Doping

Doping is the process of adding impurity atoms to a semiconductor to increase the number of charge carriers (either electrons or holes) in the material. Doping introduces new energy levels in the semiconductor, which can be occupied by electrons. Although doping can create additional free electrons/holes in a semiconductor, it is not responsible for the creation of electron-hole pairs. So, option (d) is incorrect. Since we have analysed all the options, we can conclude that: Electron-hole pairs are produced by (b) thermal energy.

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