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Chapter 13: Q4CQ (page 468)

Question: If you add boiling water to a cup at room temperature, what would you expect the final equilibrium temperature of the unit to be? You will need to include the surroundings as part of the system. Consider the zeroth law of thermodynamics.

Short Answer

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Answer

The final equilibrium temperature of the unit or the system will be the same as the room temperature. The heat flow of a system is from higher to lower. Here the heat is the transfer from the hot water to the surroundings until it attains the same temperature.

Step by step solution

01

The zeroth law of thermodynamics

The law states that when two objects with different temperatures are in thermal contact with each other. And the heat will flow from the hot object to the cold one until the temperature of both objects will same.

02

Heat transfer to the surroundings

Here you are adding boiling water to a cup that is at room temperature. The surrounding temperature is less than the temperature of the water. So, the heat energy transfer from hot water to the surrounding air, so that they reach thermal equilibrium with each other if you placed it for some time.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

How large an expansion gap should be left between steel railroad rails if they may reach a maximum temperature 35.0潞C greater than when they were laid? Their original length is 10.0 m.

How much taller does the Eiffel Tower become at the end of a day when the temperature has increased by 15潞C? Its original height is 321 m and you can assume it is made of steel.

A high-pressure gas cylinder contains 50.0Lof toxic gas at a pressure of 1.40脳107N/m2 and a temperature of 25.00C. Its valve leaks after the cylinder is dropped. The cylinder is cooled to dry ice temperature (-78.50C) to reduce the leak rate and pressure so that it can be safely repaired. (a) What is the final pressure in the tank, assuming a negligible amount of gas leaks while being cooled and that there is no phase change? (b) What is the final pressure if one-tenth of the gas escapes? (c) To what temperature must the tank be cooled to reduce the pressure to1.00atm (assuming the gas does not change phase and that there is no leakage during cooling)? (d) Does cooling the tank appear to be a practical solution?

Question:(a) An automobile mechanic claims that an aluminum rod fits loosely into its hole on an aluminum engine block because the engine is hot and the rod is cold. If the hole is 10.0% bigger in diameter than the 22.0潞C rod, at what temperature will the rod be the same size as the hole? (b) What is unreasonable about this temperature? (c) Which premise is responsible?

Question: (a) The density of water at 0潞C is very nearly(it is actually), whereas the density of ice at 0潞C is. Calculate the pressure necessary to keep ice from expanding when it freezes, neglecting the effect such a large pressure would have on the freezing temperature. (This problem gives you only an indication of how large the forces associated with freezing water might be.) (b) What are the implications of this result for biological cells that are frozen?

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