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Chapter 14: Q26CQ (page 502)
On average, would Earth be warmer or cooler without the atmosphere? Explain your answer.
Earth will be cooler without the atmosphere.
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(a) Cherry-red embers in a fireplace are at 850潞C and have an exposed area of\({\bf{0}}{\bf{.200}}\;{{\bf{m}}^{\bf{2}}}\)and an emissivity of 0.980. The surrounding room has a temperature of 18.0潞C. If 50% of the radiant energy enters the room, what is the net rate of radiant heat transfer in kilowatts? (b) Does your answer support the contention that most of the heat transfer into a room by a fireplace comes from infrared radiation?
Describe a situation in which heat transfer occurs. What are the resulting forms of energy?
The Sun radiates like a perfect black body with an emissivity of exactly 1. (a) Calculate the surface temperature of the Sun, given that it is a sphere with a\({\bf{7}}{\bf{.00 \times 1}}{{\bf{0}}^{\bf{8}}}\;{\bf{m}}\)radius that radiates\({\bf{3}}{\bf{.80 \times 1}}{{\bf{0}}^{{\bf{26}}}}{\bf{ W}}\)into 3-K space. (b) How much power does the Sun radiate per square meter of its surface? (c) How much power in watts per square meter is that value at the distance of Earth,\({\bf{1}}{\bf{.50 \times 1}}{{\bf{0}}^{{\bf{11}}}}{\bf{ m}}\)away? (This number is called the solar constant.)
In very humid climates where there are numerous bodies of water, such as in Florida, it is unusual for temperatures to rise above about 35o.C (95o)F In deserts, however, temperatures can rise far above this. Explain how the evaporation of water helps limit high temperatures in humid climates.
In a physics classroom demonstration, an instructor inflates a balloon by mouth and then cools it in liquid nitrogen. When cold, the shrunken balloon has a small amount of light blue liquid in it, as well as some snow-like crystals. As it warms up, the liquid boils, and part of the crystals sublimate, with some crystals lingering for a while and then producing a liquid. Identify the blue liquid and the two solids in the cold balloon. Justify your identifications using data from Table.
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