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Chapter 34: Q23CQ (page 1237)
State a necessary condition for a system to be chaotic.
It is considered to be chaotic if states that differ by a little amount in the starting circumstances diverge as the system evolves.
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Lacking direct evidence of WIMPs as dark matter, why must we eliminate all other possible explanations based on the known forms of matter before we invoke their existence?
The characteristic length of entities in Superstring theory is approximately\({\rm{1}}{{\rm{0}}^{{\rm{ - 35}}}}{\rm{ m}}\). (a) Find the energy in GeV of a photon of this wavelength. (b) Compare this with the average particle energy of\({\rm{1}}{{\rm{0}}^{{\rm{19}}}}{\rm{ GeV}}\)needed for unification of forces.
(a) A particle and its antiparticle are at rest relative to an observer and annihilate (completely destroying both masses), creating two\({\rm{\gamma }}\)rays of equal energy. What is the characteristic\({\rm{\gamma }}\)-ray energy you would look for if searching for evidence of proton-antiproton annihilation? (The fact that such radiation is rarely observed is evidence that there is very little antimatter in the universe.) (b) How does this compare with the\({\rm{0}}{\rm{.511 MeV}}\)energy associated with electron-positron annihilation?
If the smallest meaningful time interval is greater than zero, will the lines in Figure below ever meet?
If the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) is the remnant of the Big Bang鈥檚 fireball, we expect to see hot and cold regions in it. What are two causes of these wrinkles in the CMBR? Are the observed temperature variations greater or less than originally expected?
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