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Chapter 19: Q1CQ (page 694)
Voltage is the common word for potential difference. Which term is more descriptive, voltage or potential difference?
The term "potential difference" is more descriptive because it refers to the difference in electric potential between two places.
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The lesser electric ray (Narcine bancroftii) maintains an incredible charge on its head and a charge equal in magnitude but opposite in sign on its tail (Figure19.32).
(a) Sketch the equipotential lines surrounding the ray.
(b) Sketch the equipotential when the ray is near a ship with a conducting surface.
(c) How could this charge distribution be of use to the ray?
An electron is to be accelerated in a uniform electric field having a strength of \({\bf{2}}.{\bf{00}} \times {\bf{1}}{{\bf{0}}^6}{\rm{ }}{\bf{V}}/{\bf{m}}\). (a) What energy in \(keV\) is given to the electron if it is accelerated through \({\bf{0}}.{\bf{400}}{\rm{ }}{\bf{m}}\)? (b) Over what distance would it have to be accelerated to increase its energy by \({\bf{50}}.{\bf{0}}{\rm{ }}{\bf{GeV}}\)?
Consider a battery used to supply energy to a cellular phone. Construct a problem in which you determine the energy that must be supplied by the battery, and then calculate the amount of charge it must be able to move in order to supply this energy. Among the things to be considered are the energy needs and battery voltage. You may need to look ahead to interpret manufacturer's battery ratings in ampere-hours as energy in joules.
Explain in your own words why equipotential lines and surfaces must be perpendicular to electric field lines.
Suppose you have a \(9.00\;V\) battery, a \(2.00{\rm{ }}\mu F\) capacitor, and a \(7.40{\rm{ }}\mu F\)capacitor.
(a) Find the charge and energy stored if the capacitors are connected to the battery in series.
(b) Do the same for a parallel connection.
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