Chapter 21: Q13CQ (page 771)
Is every emf a potential difference? Is every potential difference an emf? Explain.
Short Answer
Every emf is a potential difference.
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Chapter 21: Q13CQ (page 771)
Is every emf a potential difference? Is every potential difference an emf? Explain.
Every emf is a potential difference.
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Some strings of holiday lights are wired in series to save wiring costs. An old version utilized bulbs that break the electrical connection, like an open switch, when they burn out. If one such bulb burns out, what happens to the others? If such a string operates on 120 V and has 40 identical bulbs, what is the normal operating voltage of each? Newer versions use bulbs that short circuit, like a closed switch, when they burn out. If one such bulb burns out, what happens to the others? If such a string operates on 120 V and has 39 remaining identical bulbs, what is then the operating voltage of each?
Can all of the currents going into the junction in figure below be positive? Explain.

Specify the points to which you could connect a voltmeter to measure the following potential differences in Figure \(21.49\): (a) the potential difference of the voltage source; (b) the potential difference across \({R_1}\) ; (c) across \({R_2}\) ; (d) across \({R_3}\) ; (e) across \({R_2}\) and \({R_3}\) . Note that there may be more than one answer to each part.

Draw two graphs of charge versus time on a capacitor. Draw one for charging an initially uncharged capacitor in series with a resistor, as in the circuit in Figure 21.38, starting from\({\rm{t = 0}}\). Draw the other for discharging a capacitor through a resistor, as in the circuit in Figure 21.39, starting at \({\rm{t = 0}}\), with an initial charge\({{\rm{Q}}_{\rm{0}}}\). Show at least two intervals of\(\tau \).


Apply the junction rule to junction b in figure below. Is any new information gained by applying the junction rule at \({\rm{e}}\)? (In the figure, each emf is represented by script \({\rm{E}}\).)

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